DENTIN HYPERSENSITIVITY: ETIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

Abstract

Dentin sensitivity, which affects a large part of the population, is a condition characterized by acute and sharp pain that occurs as a result of exposure of the exposed dentin surface to stimuli in the oral environment. Dentin sensitivity arises as a result of dentin being exposed to the oral environment under the impact of various etiological and predisposing factors and environmental stimuli stimulating the pulp nerves. Many clinical conditions such as the stages of deep dentin caries before reaching the pulp, cracked teeth, damaged or broken restorations, pulpal hyperemia after tooth extraction, the presence of dental plaque and gingivitis, periodontal tissue loss or after treatments, and teeth whitening may exhibit symptoms similar to dentin sensitivity. In order to create a treatment plan for dentin sensitivity, it is crucial to understand the mechanism and etiology that causes this condition, to perform the clinical examination correctly, and to know the differential diagnosis. In the treatment phase; any methods can be used, such as toothpastes and mouthwashes, occlusion of dentinal tubules with bonding agents, iontophoresis - laser applications, glass ionomer cement, composite resin etc. restorations, mucogingival operations to cover the root surfaces, and endodontic treatment in cases where treatment is not successful. This review was created in order to be a source of information about the mechanisms, etiology, differential diagnosis and treatment planning of dentin sensitivity in line with the current literature.

Keywords

• Dentin sensitivity
• etiology
• prevalence
• treatment planning

DENTİN HASSASİYETİ: ETİYOLOJİ, TANI VE TEDAVİ

Öz

Dentin hassasiyeti, açık dentin yüzeyinin ağız ortamındaki uyaranlara maruz kalması sonucu ortaya çıkan, akut ve keskin ağrı ile karakterize toplumda sık karşılaşılan klinik bir durumdur. Dentin hassasiyeti, çeşitli etiyolojik ve hazırlayıcı faktörlerin etkisiyle dentinin ağız ortamına açık hale gelmesi ile çevresel uyaranların pulpa sinirlerini uyarması sonucu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Derin dentin çürüklerinin pulpaya ulaşmadan önceki evreleri, çatlak dişler, hasarlı veya kırık restorasyonlar, diş kesimi sonrası gelişen pulpal hiperemi, dental plak ve gingivitis mevcudiyeti, periodontal doku kaybı veya tedavileri sonrası ve diş beyazlatma gibi birçok klinik durum dentin hassasiyetine benzer semptomlar gösterebilir. Dentin hassasiyeti tedavi planının oluşturulabilmesi için bu duruma neden olan mekanizma ve etiyolojinin anlaşılması, klinik muayenenin doğru yapılması ve ayırıcı tanının bilinmesi büyük önem taşır. Tedavi aşamasında; diş macunları ve ağız gargaralarının kullanımı, dentin tübüllerinin bonding ajan ile tıkanması, iyontoforez – lazer uygulamaları, cam iyonomer siman, kompozit rezin vb. ile restorasyonlar, kök yüzeyinin örtülmesine yönelik mukogingival operasyonlar ve tedavide başarı sağlanamadığı durumlarda ise endodontik tedavi uygulamaları gibi birçok yöntemden yararlanılabilir. Bu derleme, güncel literatür doğrultusunda dentin hassasiyeti mekanizmaları, etiyolojisi, ayırıcı tanı ve tedavi planlaması hakkında bilgi kaynağı olabilmesi açısından oluşturulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dentin hassasiyeti
• etiyoloji
• yaygınlık
• tedavi planlaması

Kaynakça

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