Role of Dietitian in Childhood Cancers in the Treatment Process

Abstract

In the last years, the diagnosis and treatment process in childhood cancers has been progressing more easily thanks to the developing technology and infrastructure. However, during or after treatment, patients may develop serious complications depending on the cancer itself, the treatment method, individual characteristics and nutritional status. The risk of malnutrition is inevitable due to factors such as loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, changes in the sense of taste and smell in patients, unhealthy food choices, and families' lack of adequate knowledge about nutrition. As a result of malnutrition, deterioration in the immune system, which is an important factor in the disease process, may occur. Especially in the studies on nutrition, it has been observed that as a result of the nutritional intervention made by a specialist dietitian with the right approaches, there is a decrease in the prevalence of malnutrition, risk of infection, other complications related to nutrition, and complications such as metabolic syndrome, which has a high risk of developing after the disease. The aim of this review is to examine the nutritional status assessments that dietitians can apply to individuals in order to minimize the risk of complications that may occur due to nutrition in childhood cancers, based on the current literature.

Keywords

• Nutrition status assessment
• nutrition intervention
• childhood cancer
• malnutrition

Çocukluk Çağı Kanserlerinde Diyetisyenin Tedavi Sürecindeki Rolü

Öz

Çocukluk çağı kanserlerinde son on yılda teşhis ve tedavi süreci, gelişen teknoloji ve alt yapı sayesinde daha kolay ilerlemektedir. Bununla birlikte tedavi sırasında veya tedaviden sonra kanserin kendisine, tedavi yöntemine, bireysel özelliklere ve beslenme durumuna bağlı olarak hastalarda ciddi komplikasyonlar gelişebilmektedir. Hastalarda gözlenen iştahsızlık, bulantı, kusma, tat-koku duyusunda değişiklikler, sağlıksız besin tercihleri, ailelerin beslenme konusunda yeterli bilgiye sahip olmaması gibi etmenlerden dolayı malnütrisyon riski altındadırlar. Yetersiz beslenme ile birlikte hastalık sürecinde önemli etken olan bağışıklık sisteminde de bozulmalar meydana gelebilir. Özellikle beslenme ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalarda, uzman bir diyetisyen tarafından doğru yaklaşımlarla yapılan beslenme müdahelesi sonucunda hastalık sürecinde malnütrisyonun, enfeksiyon riskinin, beslenmeyle ilişkili diğer komplikasyonların ve hastalıktan sonra gelişme riski yüksek olan metabolik sendrom gibi komplikasyonların prevelansında azalmalar yaşandığı görülmüştür. Bu derlemenin amacı, çocukluk çağı kanserlerinde beslenmeye bağlı meydana gelebilecek komplikasyon riskini en aza indirmek için diyetisyenlerin bireylere uygulayabilecekleri beslenme durum değerlendirmelerini güncel literatüre dayanarak incelemektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Beslenme durum değerlendirmesi
• beslenme müdahelesi
• çocukluk çağı kanserleri
• yetersiz beslenme
• Nutrition status assessment
• nutrition intervention
• childhood cancer
• malnutrition

Kaynakça

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