PREMENSTRUAL SENDROM: BESLENME İLE İLİŞKİSİ ÜZERİNE DERLEME

Öz

Premenstrüel sendrom (PMS), üreme çağındaki kadınlar arasında en sık görülen rahatsızlıklardan biri olup yaşam kalitesini olumsuz etkilemektedir. PMS, menstrual siklusun luteal fazında meydana gelir ve menstruasyon başlangıcından birkaç gün sonra kendiliğinden azalır. PMS'nin karakteristik semptomları arasında fiziksel semptomlar, psikolojik ve davranışsal semptomlar bulunur. Yaygın fiziksel semptomlar arasında göğüslerde hassasiyet, baş ağrıları, kas-iskelet ağrısı, karında şişlik, ekstremitelerde şişme ve ağırlık artışı yer alır. Yaygın psikolojik ve davranışsal semptomlar arasında depresyon, iştahta değişiklikler, yorgunluk veya uyuşukluk, ruh hali değişimleri, sinirlilik, uyku bozuklukları, gerginlik, sosyal izolasyon ve zayıf konsantrasyon bulunur. Genellikle semptomlar hafiftir, ancak kadınların %5-8'i premenstrual disforik bozukluk (PMDD) olarak adlandırılan şiddetli PMS yaşar. Diğer sendromların çoğunda olduğu gibi, PMS de çeşitli genetik ve yaşam tarzı davranışları arasındaki etkileşimin bir sonucudur ve diyet faktörleri bunlar arasında en etkilisi olarak bilinmektedir. Beslenme alışkanlıkları ile birlikte gonadal steroid hormonu ve merkezi sinir sistemi nörotransmitterlerinin etkileşimi PMS gelişimine katkıda bulunuyor gibi görünmektedir. PMS için özellikle farmasötik tedavilerin sınırlı etkinliği ve yan etkiler nedeniyle, diyet gibi önleyici ve değiştirilebilir risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesi gerekmektedir. Ayrıca dünya çapında PMS'den etkilenen üreme çağındaki kadınların toplu prevalansı %47,8 olarak bildirilmiştir. Dolayısıyla üreme çağındaki kadınların yaklaşık yarısının bu semptomları yaşadığı düşünüldüğünde PMS, dikkat çekilmesi gereken önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Premenstrual sendrom
• premenstrual disforik bozukluk
• beslenme alışkanlıkları

PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME/PREMENSTRUAL DYSPHORIC DISORDER: A REVIEW OF ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH NUTRITION

Abstract

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is one of the most common disorders among women of reproductive age and negatively affects quality of life. PMS occurs in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and subsides spontaneously a few days after the onset of menstruation. Characteristic symptoms of PMS include physical symptoms, psychological and behavioral symptoms. Common physical symptoms include breast tenderness, headaches, musculoskeletal pain, abdominal swelling, swelling in the extremities, and weight gain. Common psychological and behavioral symptoms include depression, changes in appetite, fatigue or lethargy, mood swings, irritability, sleep disturbances, tension, social isolation, and poor concentration. Usually symptoms are mild, but 5-8% of women experience severe PMS, called premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Like most other syndromes, PMS is the result of the interaction between various genetics and lifestyle behaviors, and dietary factors are known to be the most influential. The interaction of gonadal steroid hormone and central nervous system neurotransmitters with dietary habits seems to contribute to the development of PMS. For PMS, preventive and modifiable risk factors such as diet should be determined, especially due to the limited effectiveness of pharmaceutical treatments and side effects. Additionally, the worldwide cumulative prevalence of women of reproductive age affected by PMS has been reported to be 47.8%. Therefore, considering that approximately half of women of reproductive age experience these symptoms, PMS emerges as an important public health problem that needs attention.

Keywords

• Premenstrual syndrome
• premenstrual dysphoric disorder
• nutrition habits

Kaynakça

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