İMPLANTE EDİLEBİLİR KARDİYOVERTER DEFİBRİLATÖRÜ OLAN HASTALARIN YAŞADIKLARI SORUNLAR VE HEMŞİRELİK YÖNETİMİ

Öz

Kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, toplumlarda mortalite ve morbitideye neden olan ölümlerin başında gelen en önemli hastalıklardan biridir. Kardiyovasküler hastalıklarda en sık karşılaşılan hastalık gruplarını ventriküler aritmiler ve kalp yetmezlikleri oluşturmaktadır. Bunların tedavisinde implante edilebilir kardiyoverter defibrilatörler (ICD) yer almaktadır. ICD’ler ventriküler taşikardi veya ventriküler fibrilasyona bağlı ani kardiyak ölümü önlemek için geliştirilmiş cihazlardır. Bu cihazlar tehlikeli bir ritim bozukluğunu tespit edip, gereken durumlarda şok uygulaması yapan cihazlardır. Bu derlemede ICD’ye sahip hastalarda hemşirenin rolü hakkında bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Implante edilebilir kardiyoverter defibrilatör takıldıktan sonra hastalar birçok sorunla karşılaşabilir ve bu da onların yaşam şekillerinde değişiklik yapmalarını gerektirmektedir. ICD’ye sahip hastaların karşılaşabilecekleri sorunlar arasında; psikososyal sorunlar (anksiyete, depresyon, korku), uyku problemleri, gelecek ile ilgili endişeler, cihaz arızasıyla ilgili endişeler, şoka bağlı ağrı, kaygı, kontrol kaybı, beden imajında bozulma, motorlu araç kullanımın kısıtlılığı, yaşam tarzı kısıtlılığı, cinsel yaşam ve ölüm korkusu gibi endişeler bulunmaktadır. Bu da kişilerin yaşam kalitelerini olumsuz yönde etkileyebilmektir. Günümüzde hastaların çoğunun ICD konusunda bilgi sahibi olmaması önemli bir sorundur. Hemşirelerin ICD’li hastaların bakımı konusunda bilgi sahibi olmaları büyük önem taşımaktadır. Hemşirelik bakımı ve uygun hemşirelik süreçlerinin yürütülmesi hastaların yaşam kalitesinin artmasına katkı sağlamaktadır. Bakım, eğitim ve danışmanlık gibi görevleri bulunan hemşirelere hizmet içi eğitim programlarının verilmesi de önem taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• implante edilebilir kardiyoverter defibrilatör
• hemşire
• hasta eğitimi

PROBLEMS EXPERIENCED BY PATIENTS WITH IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTERY DEFIBRILLATOR AND NURSING MANAGEMENT

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most important diseases that cause mortality and morbidity in societies. The most common disease groups in cardiovascular diseases are ventricular arrhythmias and heart failures. Their treatment includes implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD). ICDs are devices developed to prevent sudden cardiac death due to ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. These devices are devices that detect a dangerous rhythm disorder and apply shock when necessary. This review aims to give information about the nurse's role in patients with ICD. After the implantable cardioverter defibrillator is installed, patients may encounter many problems, requiring them to change their lifestyle. Among the problems that patients with ICD may encounter; are psychosocial problems (anxiety, depression, fear), sleep problems, worries about the future, worries about device malfunction, pain due to shock, anxiety, loss of control, deterioration in body image, limitation of motor vehicle use, limitation of lifestyle, fear of sexual life and death There are such concerns. This can negatively affect people's quality of life. It is an important problem that most patients today do not know about ICD. It is of great importance that nurses know the care of patients with ICDs. Nursing care and carrying out appropriate nursing processes contribute to the improvement of a patient's quality of life. It is also important to provide in-service training programs to nurses who have duties such as care, education, and counseling.

Keywords

• implantable cardioverter defibrillatör
• nurse
• patient education

Kaynakça

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