OTİZM SPEKTRUM BOZUKLUĞU OLAN ÇOCUKLARDA UYGULANAN GÜNCEL DİYET YAKLAŞIMLARI

Öz

Otizm spektrum bozukluğu tekrarlayıcı- anormal davranış, sınırlı ilgi alanları, sosyal iletişim ve etkileşimlerdeki bozulmalarla karakterize, çok faktörlü nörogelişimsel bir bozukluktur. Otizmli bireylerde, seçici yeme tutumu, gastrointestinal sistem bozuklukları, vitamin ve mineral eksikliklerine sık rastlanmaktadır. Otizmli çocukların besin seçimlerini besinin renk, tat, sıcaklık gibi duyusal özelliklerine göre yaptıkları ve genelde beslenmelerinin sınırlı olduğu bilinmektedir. Beslenme alışkanlıklarında karbonhidrat içeriği yüksek yiyecekler fazla miktarda bulunmaktadır. Yetersiz meyve ve sebze tüketimi, lif alımının sınırlı olması ve gastrointestinal sistemdeki bozulmalardan dolayı konstipasyon prevalansı yüksektir. Otizm ve semptomlarını iyileştirmek için bazı diyet yaklaşımları uygulanmaktadır. Bunlar arasında glutensiz, ketojenik, kazeinsiz, glutensiz ve kazeinsiz, düşük fermente olabilir oligosakkarit, disakkarit, monosakkarit ve polioller diyeti (FODMAP) gibi diyetler bulunmaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı, otizm spektrum bozukluğu olan çocuklarda alternatif diyet yaklaşımları ve etkilerini incelemektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Otizm
• beslenme
• diyet yaklaşımları
• ketojenik diyet
• gluten
• kazein

CURRENT DIET APPROACHES APPLIED IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder is a multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by repetitive- abnormal behavior, limited interests, and impairments in social communication and interactions. Picky eating habits, gastrointestinal system disorders, and vitamin and mineral deficiencies are common in individuals with autism. It is known that children with autism make their food choices based on the sensory properties of food such as color, taste, and temperature, and their nutrition is generally limited. Foods with high carbohydrate content are abundant in dietary habits. The prevalence of constipation is high due to inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption, limited fiber intake and disruptions in the gastrointestinal tract. Some dietary approaches are applied to improve autism and its symptoms. These include diets such as gluten-free, ketogenic, casein-free, gluten-free and casein-free, low-fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide, and polyols diet (FODMAP). This review aims to examine alternative dietary approaches and their effects on children with autism spectrum disorder.

Keywords

• Autism
• nutrition
• dietary approaches
• ketogenic diet
• gluten
• casein

Kaynakça

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