MENTAL HASTALIKLARIN TEDAVİSİNDE PSİKOBİYOTİKLER

Öz

Vücut içerisinde en yüksek sayıda bakteriyi bağırsak mikrobiyotası içerir. Bağırsak mikrobiyotası vücudu genel sağlık açısından etkileme potansiyeline sahiptir. Sağlıksız beslenme, ilaç kullanımı ve çevresel faktörler gibi uyaranlar bağırsak mikrobiyotasının disbiyozuna sebep olur. Bağırsak disbiyozunun ise metabolik hastalıklar ve inflamatuar hastalıkların yanında mental hastalıklarla da yakından ilişkisi vardır. Bağırsak mikrobiyotası ve beyin üzerindeki etkilerinden dolayı yeni bir kavram olan psikobiyotikler son yıllarda önem kazanmıştır. Psikobiyotikler, tüketildiğinde ruh sağlığını olumlu yönde etkileyen ve konağın bağışıklığını güçlendiren probiyotik mikroorganizmalardır. Psikobiyotik özelliklere sahip başlıca bakteri cinsleri Lactobacillus ve Bifidobacterium'dur. Psikobiyotik suşlarının kortizol seviyelerini düşürerek anksiyete ve depresyona bağlı semptomları azalttığı, aynı zamanda otizm spektrum bozukluğu, Alzheimer hastalığı, dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivite bozukluğu gibi nörodejeneratif ve nörogelişimsel hastalıkların iyileşmesinde etkisinin olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Bu araştırmada, psikobiyotiklerin mental hastalıkların tedavisi üzerindeki rolü derlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mikrobiyota
• psikobiyotikler
• mental sağlık

PSYCHOBIOTICS IN THE TREATMENT OF MENTAL DISEASES

Abstract

Gut microbiota includes the largest number of bacteria in the body. It has the potential to affect the body in terms of overall health. Stimulants such as unhealthy eating, drug use, and environmental factors cause gut microbiota dysbiosis. In addition to metabolic diseases and inflammatory diseases, intestinal dysbiosis has a close association with mental diseases. Psychobiotics, a new concept due to the gut microbiota and its effects on the brain, have gained importance in recent years. Psychobiotics are probiotic microorganisms that positively affect mental health when consumed and strengthen the host's immunity. The main bacterial genera with psychobiotic properties are Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Psychobiotic strains have been shown to reduce anxiety and depression-related symptoms by lowering cortisol levels, they also affect the recovery of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases such as autism spectrum disorder, Alzheimer's disease, and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder.

Keywords

• Microbiota
• psychobiotics
• mental health

Kaynakça

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