KALP YETMEZLİĞİ OLAN HASTALARA BAKIM VEREN AİLE ÜYELERİNDE BAKIM VERME YÜKÜ İLE YAŞAM KALİTESİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: TANIMLAYICI BİR ÇALIŞMA

Öz

Arka plan: Kalp yetersizliği (KY), sadece hastaların sağlığını olumsuz etkilemekle kalmayan, aynı zamanda aile bakım verenler üzerinde önemli fiziksel, duygusal ve sosyal yük oluşturan kronik ve ilerleyici bir durumdur. Bakım verenlerin yaşadığı yük ile yaşam kaliteleri arasındaki ilişkinin anlaşılması, destekleyici müdahalelerin geliştirilmesi ve bütüncül bakım sonuçlarının iyileştirilmesi için önemlidir. Amaç: Bu araştırmada KY hastalarına bakım veren aile üyelerinde bakım verme yükü ve yaşam kalitesi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırma, tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel türde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bir devlet hastanesinin kardiyoloji kliniklerinde yatarak tedavi gören 138 KY hastasına bakım veren aile üyeleri dahil edilmiştir. Araştırma Temmuz 2024-Eylül 2024 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin toplanmasında “Bakım Veren Tanıtıcı Formu”, “Zarit Bakım Verme Yükü Ölçeği (ZBVYÖ)” ve “Kalp Yetersizliğinde Aile Bakım Verici Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği (KYABVYKÖ)” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler kullanılmıştır. Ölçek puanları arasındaki yordayıcı ilişkiyi değerlendirmek amacıyla basit doğrusal regresyon analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. İstatistiksel anlamlılık değeri p<0,05 olarak kabul edilmiştir. Bulgular: Bakım verenlerin ZBVYÖ puan ortalaması 36,36±20,79 ve KYABVYKÖ puan ortalaması 55,73±14,60 olarak belirlenmiştir. Bakım verenlerin bakım yükü ile yaşam kalitesi arasında negatif yönlü güçlü düzeyde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur (S.ß:-0,815; p<0,001). Ayrıca ZBVYÖ puanları KYABVYKÖ puanlarındaki değişimi %71,5 oranında açıklamaktadır (R2: 0,715). Sonuç: Araştırmada bakım verenlerin bakım yükü düzeylerinin ortalamanın altında, yaşam kalitesi düzeylerinin ise ortalamanın üzerinde olduğu saptanmıştır. Bulgular, bakım yükü arttıkça yaşam kalitesinin güçlü ve anlamlı biçimde azaldığını ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, bakım yükü yaşam kalitesindeki değişimin büyük bir bölümünü açıklamaktadır. Bu sonuç, bakım yükünün azaltılmasına yönelik müdahalelerin, bakım verenlerin yaşam kalitesini artırmada kritik bir öneme sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kalp yetersizliği
• bakım verme yükü
• yaşam kalitesi

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CAREGIVER BURDEN AND QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG FAMILY MEMBERS CARING FOR PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY

Abstract

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a chronic and progressive condition that not only impairs patients’ health but also places a significant physical, emotional, and social burden on family caregivers. Understanding the relationship between caregiver burden and their quality of life is essential for developing supportive interventions and improving holistic care outcomes. Aim: This study aimed to examine the relationship between caregiving burden and quality of life among family members providing care to patients with HF. Methods: The study was conducted using a descriptive and cross-sectional design. A total of 138 family members caring for patients hospitalized in the cardiology clinics of a state hospital were included. Data were collected between July 2024 and September 2024 using the “Caregiver Identification Form,” the “Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI),” and the “Family Caregiver Quality of Life Scale in Heart Failure (FCQoL-HF).” Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Simple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive relationship between scale scores. Results: The mean ZCBS score of caregivers was 36.36±20.79, and the mean FCQoL-HF score was 55.73±14.60. A statistically significant strong negative correlation was found between caregiver burden and quality of life (β:-0.815; p<0.001). Additionally, ZBI scores explained 71.5% of the variance in FCQoL-HF scores (R²: 0.715). Conclusion: The findings indicated that caregivers’ burden levels were below average, while their quality of life was above average. The results demonstrated that as caregiver burden increased, quality of life decreased significantly and strongly. Moreover, caregiver burden accounted for a substantial proportion of the variation in quality of life. These findings highlight the critical importance of interventions aimed at reducing caregiver burden to improve caregivers’ quality of life.

Keywords

• Heart failure
• caregiver burden
• quality of life

Kaynakça

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