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EVALUATION OF LABEL INFORMATION OF FRUITS PRODUCED BY DIFFERENT DRYING METHODS USING NUTRIENT PROFILING MODELS

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1 , 50 - 63 , 30.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.52881/gsbdergi.1882835
https://izlik.org/JA74RX26FB

Öz

Background: The nutritional profile of commonly consumed dried fruits can vary depending on the drying method used. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of freeze-drying and conventional drying methods on the nutrient profiles of fruits and to examine labeling outcomes based on the Nutri-Score and Traffic Light Model. Methods: A total of 78 products belonging to 13 different fruit types, including both conventionally dried and freeze-dried products available in retail markets in Türkiye, were evaluated. Nutrient contents per 100 g (energy, fat, saturated fat, carbohydrate, sugar, protein, and salt) were obtained from product labels. Differences in nutrient composition according to drying methods were compared. Additionally, products were classified according to Nutri-Score and the Traffic Light Model. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 23.0, and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Freeze-dried fruits had significantly higher energy, protein, and fiber contents compared to conventionally dried fruits (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed between drying methods in terms of carbohydrate, fat, sugar, and salt contents (p>0.05). According to Nutri-Score evaluation, the proportion of products classified as category C (indicating a moderate nutritional profile) was 87.2% for freeze-dried fruits and 66.7% for conventionally dried fruits; however, this difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Based on the Traffic Light Model, all fruits were classified with a red label for sugar content, while they were categorized as green for fat (except freeze-dried figs), saturated fat, and salt. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that freeze-dried fruits have higher energy, protein, and fiber contents compared to conventionally dried fruits. Both Nutri-Score and the Traffic Light Model yielded similar nutritional profile classifications across drying methods. High sugar content emerged as the primary determinant of labeling outcomes for dried fruits. The exclusion of factors such as polyphenol and flavonoid content, fiber matrix, processing technology, and bioavailability from existing nutrient profiling algorithms limits the comprehensive assessment of food quality.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Boateng ID. Recent processing of fruits and vegetables using emerging thermal and non-thermal technologies. A critical review of their potentialities and limitations on bioactives, structure, and drying performance. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2024; 64(13):4240-74. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2140121
  • 2. Akbal N, Vural A. Kurutulmuş meyve örneklerinde mikrobiyolojik kalite özelliklerinin araştırılması. Dicle Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2018; 11(2):93-7.
  • 3. Şensoy B, Saygılı E, Gören Yargı S. Kuru meyve ihracatını etkileyen gıda güvenliği ve üretim faktörlerinin analizi: Ege Bölgesi’nde bir uygulama. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi. 2021; 10(2):331-42. doi: 10.29278/azd.833057
  • 4. Sun Y, Liang C. Effects of determinants of dried fruit purchase intention and the related consumer segmentation on e-commerce in China. British Food Journal. 2020; 123(3):1133-54. doi: 10.1108/BFJ-07-2020-0617
  • 5. Testa R, Rizzo G, Schifani G, Tinebra I, Farina V, Vella F. et al. Can dried fruits replace unhealthy snacking among millennials? An empirical study on dried fruit consumption in Italy. Sustainability. 2023; 15(9):7083. doi:10.3390/su15097083
  • 6. Średnicka-Tober D, Kazimierczak R, Ponder A, Hallmann E. Biologically Active Compounds in Selected Organic and Conventionally Produced Dried Fruits. Foods. 2020; 9(8):1005. doi: 10.3390/foods9081005
  • 7. Petković M, Miletić N, Pantelić V, Filipović V, Lončar B, Mitrović O. Physical and chemical properties of convective- and microwave-dried blackberry fruits grown using organic procedures. Foods. 2024; 13(5):791. doi: 10.3390/foods13050791
  • 8. Wojdyło A, Lech K, Nowicka P, Hernandez F, Figiel A, Carbonell-Barrachina AA. Influence of different drying techniques on phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity and colour of Ziziphus jujube Mill. Fruits. Molecules. 2019; 24(13):2361. doi: 10.3390/molecules24132361
  • 9. Gürel AE, Ceylan İ, Aktaş M. Meyve ve sebzelerin kurutma parametrelerinin incelenmesi. Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji. 2016;4(4):267-73.
  • 10. Stephen D, Antony KJ, Munusamy PM, Deivanayagame T. Impact of drying methods on the quality of bioactive components in Tree Tomato (Cyphomandra betacae). Trends in Sciences. 2022; 19(2):2060. doi: 10.48048/tis.2022.2060
  • 11. Mohammed S, Edna M, Siraj K. The effect of traditional and improved solar drying methods on the sensory quality and nutritional composition of fruits: A case of mangoes and pineapples. Heliyon. 2020; 6(6):e04163. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04163
  • 12. Asioli D, Rocha C, Wongprawmas R, Popa M, Gogus F, Almli V. Microwave-dried or air-dried? Consumers' stated preferences and attitudes for organic dried strawberries. A multi-country investigation in Europe. Food Res Int. 2019; 120:763-75. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.11.037
  • 13. Wong R, Kim S, Chung S-J, Cho M-S. Texture preferences of Chinese, Korean and US consumers: a case study with apple and pear dried fruits. Foods. 2020; 9(3):377. doi: 10.3390/foods9030377
  • 14. Nowak D, Jakubczyk E. The freeze-drying of foods—the characteristic of the process course and the effect of its parameters on the physical properties of food materials. Foods. 2020; 9(10):1488. doi: 10.3390/foods9101488
  • 15. Zhang J, Chen J, Lan J, Liu B, Wang X, Zhang S. et al. Effect of different drying techniques on the bioactive compounds, antioxidant ability, sensory and volatile flavor compounds of mulberry. Foods. 2024; 13(16):2492. doi: 10.3390/foods13162492
  • 16. Güneş R. Quality assessment of chokeberry fruit powders obtained by convective hot air and freeze drying methods. Gıda. 2023; 48(5):1109-22. doi: 10.15237/gida.GD23075
  • 17. Pateiro M, Vargas-Ramella M, Franco D, Gomes da Cruz A, Zengin G, Kumar M, et al. The role of emerging technologies in the dehydration of berries: Quality, bioactive compounds, and shelf life. Food Chemistry: X. 2022; 16:100465. doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100465
  • 18. Sayiner G, Beyhan Y. Geleneksel besin saklama yöntemleri ve yeni teknolojiler. JFGN. 2023; 2(1):79-92.
  • 19. World Health Organization. Use of nutrient profile models for nutrition and health policies: meeting report on the use of nutrient profile models in the WHO European Region. World Health Organization 2021. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/europe/publications/i/item/WHO-EURO-2022-6201-45966-66383 Erişim tarihi: 05.02.2026
  • 20. Muzzioli L, Scenna D, Frigerio F, Manuela S, Poggiogalle E, Giusti AM. et al. Nutri-Score effectiveness in improving consumers’ nutrition literacy, food choices, health, and healthy eating pattern adherence: A systematic review. Nutrition. 2025; 140:112880. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.112880
  • 21. Sante Publique France. Nutri-Score. Available at: https://www.santepubliquefrance.fr/en/nutri-score. Accessed on February 5, 2026.
  • 22. Department of Health, Food Standards Agency, and Devolved Administrations in Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales. Guide to Creating a Front of Pack (FoP) Nutrition Label for Pre-Packed Products Sold through Retail Outlets. Available at: ttps://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/300886/2902158_FoP_Nutrition_2014.pdf Accessed on February 5, 2026.
  • 23. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı. Türk Gıda Kodeksi gıda etiketleme ve tüketicileri bilgilendirme yönetmeliği. Avaible at: https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=23282&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5 Accessed on February 5, 2026.
  • 24. González-Curbelo MÁ, Kabak B. Occurrence of mycotoxins in dried fruits worldwide, with a focus on aflatoxins and ochratoxin a: a review. Toxins. 2023; 15(9):576. doi: 10.3390/toxins15090576
  • 25. Donno D, Neirotti G, Fioccardi A, Razafindrakoto ZR, Tombozara N, Mellano MG, et al. Freeze-drying for the reduction of fruit and vegetable chain losses: a sustainable solution to produce potential health-promoting food applications. Plants. 2025; 14(2):168. doi: 10.3390/plants14020168
  • 26. Keskin Çavdar H, Adal E. Effect of freeze-drying and oven-drying on volatiles, bioactive and structural properties of hawthorn (crataegus tanacetifolia) fruit. Akademik Gıda. 2023; 21(3):202-10. doi: 10.24323/akademik-gida.1382905
  • 27. Bhatta S, Stevanovic Janezic T, Ratti C. Freeze-Drying of Plant-Based Foods. Foods. 2020;9(1):87. doi: 10.3390/foods9010087
  • 28. Rakariyatham K, Boonyapranai K, Laokuldilok T, Utama-ang N, Nutprem A, Kaewprasit K. et al. Impact of different dehydration methods on physicochemical and functional properties of guava (Psidium guajava L.) powder prepared from white and pink pomaces. Applied Food Research. 2025; 5(1):100696. doi: 10.1016/j.afres.2025.100696
  • 29. Liang Y. Different drying methods' effects on the nutritional components and flavor of fruits. Journal of Food and Drug Safety Research. 2024;1(2). doi: 10.70767/jfdsr.v1i2.227
  • 30. Pieniazek F, Messina V. Quality parameters of freeze-dried peach snack. British Food Journal. 2017; 119(12):2959-68. doi: 10.1108/BFJ-11-2016-0526
  • 31. Cao R, Yan L, Xiao S, Hou B, Zhou X, Wang W. et al. Effects of different low-temperature storage methods on the quality and processing characteristics of fresh beef. Foods. 2023;12(4):782. doi: 10.3390/foods12040782
  • 32. Chen P, Qiu Y, Chen S, Zhao Y, Wu Y, Wang Y. Insights into the effects of different drying methods on protein oxidation and degradation characteristics of golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus). Front Nutr. 2022; 24(9):1063836. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1063836
  • 33. Shipman D, Saygı YB. Etiket algısının tüketicilerin satın alma üzerindeki etkileri. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi. 2020; 8(2):217-28. doi: 10.14514/byk.m.26515393.2020.8/2.217-228
  • 34. Egnell M, Crosetto P, d'Almeida T, Kesse-Guyot E, Touvier M, Ruffieux B. et al. Modelling the impact of different front-of-package nutrition labels on mortality from non-communicable chronic disease. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2019; 16(1):56. doi: 10.1186/s12966-019-0817-2
  • 35. Hafner E, Pravst I. Evaluation of the ability of nutri-score to discriminate the nutritional quality of prepacked foods using a sale-weighting approach. Foods. 2021; 10(8):1689. doi: 10.3390/foods10081689
  • 36. Hafner E, Pravst I. Comparison of nutri-score and health star rating nutrient profiling models using large branded foods composition database and sales data. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(5):3980. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20053980.

FARKLI KURUTMA YÖNTEMLERİYLE ÜRETİLEN MEYVELERİN ETİKET BİLGİLERİNİN BESİN PROFİLLEME YÖNTEMLERİ İLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1 , 50 - 63 , 30.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.52881/gsbdergi.1882835
https://izlik.org/JA74RX26FB

Öz

Giriş: Yaygın olarak tüketilen kurutulmuş meyvelerde besin ögesi profili uygulanan kurutma yöntemine bağlı olarak farklılık gösterebilmektedir. Amaç: Dondurularak kurutma ve geleneksel kurutma yöntemlerinin meyvelerin besin ögesi profilleri üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmek ve meyvelerin Nutri-Skor ve Trafik Işığı Modeli’ne dayalı etiketleme sonuçlarını incelemektir. Yöntem: Türkiye’de perakende satışta bulunan geleneksel yöntem ve dondurularak kurutulmuş 13 farklı meyve türüne ait toplam 78 ürün değerlendirilmiştir. Ürünlerin 100 g başına besin ögesi içerikleri (enerji, yağ, doymuş yağ, karbonhidrat, şeker, protein ve tuz) ambalaj etiketlerinden elde edilmiştir. Kurutma yöntemlerine göre besin ögeleri farklılıkları karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca ürünler Nutri-Skor ve Trafik Işığı Modeli’ne göre sınıflandırılmıştır. İstatistiksel analizler için SPSS 23.0 programı kullanılmış ve p<0,05 değeri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edilmiştir. Bulgular: Dondurularak kurutulmuş meyvelerin enerji, protein ve posa içerikleri geleneksel kurutulmuş meyvelere kıyasla istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Karbonhidrat, yağ, şeker ve tuz içerikleri açısından kurutma yöntemleri arasında anlamlı bir fark saptanmamıştır (p>0,05). Nutri-Skor değerlendirmesinde dondurularak kurutulmuş meyvelerde orta düzey besin profiline sahip ürünleri ifade eden C sınıfı oranı %87,2 iken geleneksel olarak kurutulmuş meyvelerde %66,7 olarak belirlenmiş olmakla birlikte, gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır (p>0,05). Trafik Işığı Modeli’ne göre tüm meyveler şeker içeriği açısından kırmızı etiketle sınıflandırılırken, yağ (dondurularak kurutulmuş incir hariç), doymuş yağ ve tuz bakımından yeşil etiket sınıfında yer almıştır. Sonuç: Bu çalışma, dondurularak kurutulmuş meyvelerin enerji, protein ve posa içeriklerinin geleneksel kurutulmuş meyvelere kıyasla daha yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Nutri-Skor ve Trafik Işığı Modeli her iki kurutma yöntemi için benzer besin profili kategorilerinde yer aldığı görülmüştür. Özellikle yüksek şeker içeriği, kurutulmuş meyvelerin etiketleme sonuçlarını belirleyen temel unsur olmuştur. Polifenol ve flavonoid içeriği, posa matrisi, işleme teknolojisi ve biyoyararlanım gibi unsurların mevcut besin profilleme algoritmalarında yer almaması, besinlerin kalitesinin bütüncül biçimde yansıtılmasını güçleştirmektedir.

Etik Beyan

Sunulan “Farklı Kurutma Yöntemleriyle Üretilen Meyvelerin Etiket Bilgilerinin Besin Profilleme Yöntemleri ile Değerlendirilmesi” başlıklı çalışma, insan veya hayvan katılımcı içermeyen, yalnızca kamuya açık ürün etiket bilgilerinin analizine dayalı bir araştırmadır. Çalışmada bireysel veri, müdahale, deneysel uygulama veya klinik değerlendirme bulunmadığından etik kurul onayı gerekmemektedir.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Boateng ID. Recent processing of fruits and vegetables using emerging thermal and non-thermal technologies. A critical review of their potentialities and limitations on bioactives, structure, and drying performance. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2024; 64(13):4240-74. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2140121
  • 2. Akbal N, Vural A. Kurutulmuş meyve örneklerinde mikrobiyolojik kalite özelliklerinin araştırılması. Dicle Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2018; 11(2):93-7.
  • 3. Şensoy B, Saygılı E, Gören Yargı S. Kuru meyve ihracatını etkileyen gıda güvenliği ve üretim faktörlerinin analizi: Ege Bölgesi’nde bir uygulama. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi. 2021; 10(2):331-42. doi: 10.29278/azd.833057
  • 4. Sun Y, Liang C. Effects of determinants of dried fruit purchase intention and the related consumer segmentation on e-commerce in China. British Food Journal. 2020; 123(3):1133-54. doi: 10.1108/BFJ-07-2020-0617
  • 5. Testa R, Rizzo G, Schifani G, Tinebra I, Farina V, Vella F. et al. Can dried fruits replace unhealthy snacking among millennials? An empirical study on dried fruit consumption in Italy. Sustainability. 2023; 15(9):7083. doi:10.3390/su15097083
  • 6. Średnicka-Tober D, Kazimierczak R, Ponder A, Hallmann E. Biologically Active Compounds in Selected Organic and Conventionally Produced Dried Fruits. Foods. 2020; 9(8):1005. doi: 10.3390/foods9081005
  • 7. Petković M, Miletić N, Pantelić V, Filipović V, Lončar B, Mitrović O. Physical and chemical properties of convective- and microwave-dried blackberry fruits grown using organic procedures. Foods. 2024; 13(5):791. doi: 10.3390/foods13050791
  • 8. Wojdyło A, Lech K, Nowicka P, Hernandez F, Figiel A, Carbonell-Barrachina AA. Influence of different drying techniques on phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity and colour of Ziziphus jujube Mill. Fruits. Molecules. 2019; 24(13):2361. doi: 10.3390/molecules24132361
  • 9. Gürel AE, Ceylan İ, Aktaş M. Meyve ve sebzelerin kurutma parametrelerinin incelenmesi. Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji. 2016;4(4):267-73.
  • 10. Stephen D, Antony KJ, Munusamy PM, Deivanayagame T. Impact of drying methods on the quality of bioactive components in Tree Tomato (Cyphomandra betacae). Trends in Sciences. 2022; 19(2):2060. doi: 10.48048/tis.2022.2060
  • 11. Mohammed S, Edna M, Siraj K. The effect of traditional and improved solar drying methods on the sensory quality and nutritional composition of fruits: A case of mangoes and pineapples. Heliyon. 2020; 6(6):e04163. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04163
  • 12. Asioli D, Rocha C, Wongprawmas R, Popa M, Gogus F, Almli V. Microwave-dried or air-dried? Consumers' stated preferences and attitudes for organic dried strawberries. A multi-country investigation in Europe. Food Res Int. 2019; 120:763-75. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.11.037
  • 13. Wong R, Kim S, Chung S-J, Cho M-S. Texture preferences of Chinese, Korean and US consumers: a case study with apple and pear dried fruits. Foods. 2020; 9(3):377. doi: 10.3390/foods9030377
  • 14. Nowak D, Jakubczyk E. The freeze-drying of foods—the characteristic of the process course and the effect of its parameters on the physical properties of food materials. Foods. 2020; 9(10):1488. doi: 10.3390/foods9101488
  • 15. Zhang J, Chen J, Lan J, Liu B, Wang X, Zhang S. et al. Effect of different drying techniques on the bioactive compounds, antioxidant ability, sensory and volatile flavor compounds of mulberry. Foods. 2024; 13(16):2492. doi: 10.3390/foods13162492
  • 16. Güneş R. Quality assessment of chokeberry fruit powders obtained by convective hot air and freeze drying methods. Gıda. 2023; 48(5):1109-22. doi: 10.15237/gida.GD23075
  • 17. Pateiro M, Vargas-Ramella M, Franco D, Gomes da Cruz A, Zengin G, Kumar M, et al. The role of emerging technologies in the dehydration of berries: Quality, bioactive compounds, and shelf life. Food Chemistry: X. 2022; 16:100465. doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100465
  • 18. Sayiner G, Beyhan Y. Geleneksel besin saklama yöntemleri ve yeni teknolojiler. JFGN. 2023; 2(1):79-92.
  • 19. World Health Organization. Use of nutrient profile models for nutrition and health policies: meeting report on the use of nutrient profile models in the WHO European Region. World Health Organization 2021. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/europe/publications/i/item/WHO-EURO-2022-6201-45966-66383 Erişim tarihi: 05.02.2026
  • 20. Muzzioli L, Scenna D, Frigerio F, Manuela S, Poggiogalle E, Giusti AM. et al. Nutri-Score effectiveness in improving consumers’ nutrition literacy, food choices, health, and healthy eating pattern adherence: A systematic review. Nutrition. 2025; 140:112880. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.112880
  • 21. Sante Publique France. Nutri-Score. Available at: https://www.santepubliquefrance.fr/en/nutri-score. Accessed on February 5, 2026.
  • 22. Department of Health, Food Standards Agency, and Devolved Administrations in Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales. Guide to Creating a Front of Pack (FoP) Nutrition Label for Pre-Packed Products Sold through Retail Outlets. Available at: ttps://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/300886/2902158_FoP_Nutrition_2014.pdf Accessed on February 5, 2026.
  • 23. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı. Türk Gıda Kodeksi gıda etiketleme ve tüketicileri bilgilendirme yönetmeliği. Avaible at: https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=23282&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5 Accessed on February 5, 2026.
  • 24. González-Curbelo MÁ, Kabak B. Occurrence of mycotoxins in dried fruits worldwide, with a focus on aflatoxins and ochratoxin a: a review. Toxins. 2023; 15(9):576. doi: 10.3390/toxins15090576
  • 25. Donno D, Neirotti G, Fioccardi A, Razafindrakoto ZR, Tombozara N, Mellano MG, et al. Freeze-drying for the reduction of fruit and vegetable chain losses: a sustainable solution to produce potential health-promoting food applications. Plants. 2025; 14(2):168. doi: 10.3390/plants14020168
  • 26. Keskin Çavdar H, Adal E. Effect of freeze-drying and oven-drying on volatiles, bioactive and structural properties of hawthorn (crataegus tanacetifolia) fruit. Akademik Gıda. 2023; 21(3):202-10. doi: 10.24323/akademik-gida.1382905
  • 27. Bhatta S, Stevanovic Janezic T, Ratti C. Freeze-Drying of Plant-Based Foods. Foods. 2020;9(1):87. doi: 10.3390/foods9010087
  • 28. Rakariyatham K, Boonyapranai K, Laokuldilok T, Utama-ang N, Nutprem A, Kaewprasit K. et al. Impact of different dehydration methods on physicochemical and functional properties of guava (Psidium guajava L.) powder prepared from white and pink pomaces. Applied Food Research. 2025; 5(1):100696. doi: 10.1016/j.afres.2025.100696
  • 29. Liang Y. Different drying methods' effects on the nutritional components and flavor of fruits. Journal of Food and Drug Safety Research. 2024;1(2). doi: 10.70767/jfdsr.v1i2.227
  • 30. Pieniazek F, Messina V. Quality parameters of freeze-dried peach snack. British Food Journal. 2017; 119(12):2959-68. doi: 10.1108/BFJ-11-2016-0526
  • 31. Cao R, Yan L, Xiao S, Hou B, Zhou X, Wang W. et al. Effects of different low-temperature storage methods on the quality and processing characteristics of fresh beef. Foods. 2023;12(4):782. doi: 10.3390/foods12040782
  • 32. Chen P, Qiu Y, Chen S, Zhao Y, Wu Y, Wang Y. Insights into the effects of different drying methods on protein oxidation and degradation characteristics of golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus). Front Nutr. 2022; 24(9):1063836. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1063836
  • 33. Shipman D, Saygı YB. Etiket algısının tüketicilerin satın alma üzerindeki etkileri. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi. 2020; 8(2):217-28. doi: 10.14514/byk.m.26515393.2020.8/2.217-228
  • 34. Egnell M, Crosetto P, d'Almeida T, Kesse-Guyot E, Touvier M, Ruffieux B. et al. Modelling the impact of different front-of-package nutrition labels on mortality from non-communicable chronic disease. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2019; 16(1):56. doi: 10.1186/s12966-019-0817-2
  • 35. Hafner E, Pravst I. Evaluation of the ability of nutri-score to discriminate the nutritional quality of prepacked foods using a sale-weighting approach. Foods. 2021; 10(8):1689. doi: 10.3390/foods10081689
  • 36. Hafner E, Pravst I. Comparison of nutri-score and health star rating nutrient profiling models using large branded foods composition database and sales data. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(5):3980. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20053980.
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Beslenme Bilimi, Gıda Özellikleri
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Sabriye Arslan 0000-0002-9068-4009

Meryem Saban Güler 0000-0002-7202-0524

Merve Özel 0009-0002-3302-4626

Ceren Durmaz 0009-0003-6583-206X

İrem Altınsoy 0009-0001-1999-8769

Beyza Nur Yıldız 0009-0002-9085-9486

Gönderilme Tarihi 7 Şubat 2026
Kabul Tarihi 26 Mart 2026
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Mart 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.52881/gsbdergi.1882835
IZ https://izlik.org/JA74RX26FB
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Arslan, S., Saban Güler, M., Özel, M., Durmaz, C., Altınsoy, İ., & Yıldız, B. N. (2026). FARKLI KURUTMA YÖNTEMLERİYLE ÜRETİLEN MEYVELERİN ETİKET BİLGİLERİNİN BESİN PROFİLLEME YÖNTEMLERİ İLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(1), 50-63. https://doi.org/10.52881/gsbdergi.1882835
AMA 1.Arslan S, Saban Güler M, Özel M, Durmaz C, Altınsoy İ, Yıldız BN. FARKLI KURUTMA YÖNTEMLERİYLE ÜRETİLEN MEYVELERİN ETİKET BİLGİLERİNİN BESİN PROFİLLEME YÖNTEMLERİ İLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Gazi Sağlık Bil. 2026;11(1):50-63. doi:10.52881/gsbdergi.1882835
Chicago Arslan, Sabriye, Meryem Saban Güler, Merve Özel, Ceren Durmaz, İrem Altınsoy, ve Beyza Nur Yıldız. 2026. “FARKLI KURUTMA YÖNTEMLERİYLE ÜRETİLEN MEYVELERİN ETİKET BİLGİLERİNİN BESİN PROFİLLEME YÖNTEMLERİ İLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ”. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 11 (1): 50-63. https://doi.org/10.52881/gsbdergi.1882835.
EndNote Arslan S, Saban Güler M, Özel M, Durmaz C, Altınsoy İ, Yıldız BN (01 Mart 2026) FARKLI KURUTMA YÖNTEMLERİYLE ÜRETİLEN MEYVELERİN ETİKET BİLGİLERİNİN BESİN PROFİLLEME YÖNTEMLERİ İLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 11 1 50–63.
IEEE [1]S. Arslan, M. Saban Güler, M. Özel, C. Durmaz, İ. Altınsoy, ve B. N. Yıldız, “FARKLI KURUTMA YÖNTEMLERİYLE ÜRETİLEN MEYVELERİN ETİKET BİLGİLERİNİN BESİN PROFİLLEME YÖNTEMLERİ İLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ”, Gazi Sağlık Bil, c. 11, sy 1, ss. 50–63, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.52881/gsbdergi.1882835.
ISNAD Arslan, Sabriye - Saban Güler, Meryem - Özel, Merve - Durmaz, Ceren - Altınsoy, İrem - Yıldız, Beyza Nur. “FARKLI KURUTMA YÖNTEMLERİYLE ÜRETİLEN MEYVELERİN ETİKET BİLGİLERİNİN BESİN PROFİLLEME YÖNTEMLERİ İLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ”. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 11/1 (01 Mart 2026): 50-63. https://doi.org/10.52881/gsbdergi.1882835.
JAMA 1.Arslan S, Saban Güler M, Özel M, Durmaz C, Altınsoy İ, Yıldız BN. FARKLI KURUTMA YÖNTEMLERİYLE ÜRETİLEN MEYVELERİN ETİKET BİLGİLERİNİN BESİN PROFİLLEME YÖNTEMLERİ İLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Gazi Sağlık Bil. 2026;11:50–63.
MLA Arslan, Sabriye, vd. “FARKLI KURUTMA YÖNTEMLERİYLE ÜRETİLEN MEYVELERİN ETİKET BİLGİLERİNİN BESİN PROFİLLEME YÖNTEMLERİ İLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ”. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 11, sy 1, Mart 2026, ss. 50-63, doi:10.52881/gsbdergi.1882835.
Vancouver 1.Sabriye Arslan, Meryem Saban Güler, Merve Özel, Ceren Durmaz, İrem Altınsoy, Beyza Nur Yıldız. FARKLI KURUTMA YÖNTEMLERİYLE ÜRETİLEN MEYVELERİN ETİKET BİLGİLERİNİN BESİN PROFİLLEME YÖNTEMLERİ İLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Gazi Sağlık Bil. 01 Mart 2026;11(1):50-63. doi:10.52881/gsbdergi.1882835