PROBİYOTİKLERİN DOĞAL FOLAT KAYNAĞI POTANSİYELİ: GÜNCEL BAKIŞ

Öz

Yaşamsal faaliyetlerin sürdürülmesi açısından önemli olan folat, hücre bölünmesi ve DNA sentezinde görevli olan temel bir mikrobesin ögesidir. Yetersiz folat alımı megaloblastik anemi, nöral tüp defektleri, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, büyüme geriliği, alzheimer gibi bazı nörolojik hastalıklar ve bazı kanser türlerinin oluşumuna sebep olmaktadır. Folat yetersizliği, nöral tüp kusurlarına neden olması açısından tüm dünyada önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu olarak görülmektedir. Bu yüzden bir çok ülkede, folik asit takviyesi veya gıdaların folik asit ile zenginleştirilmesi yoluyla nöral tüp defektlerinin önüne geçilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Folatın kimyasal formu; folik asit olarak isimlendirilmiştir ve gıda takviyelerinde bu sentetik olan formu kullanılmaktadır. Folik asitin bu sentetik şekliyle yüksek dozlarda tüketilmesinin nöronal gelişim üzerinde olumsuz etkilerinin gösterildiği deneysel çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle folik asit takviyesinin güvenliği konusunda çelişkili yaklaşımlar mevcuttur. Son yıllarda bazı probiyotik bakterilerin fermentasyonu aracılığı ile gıdaların folat açısından zenginleştirilmesi üzerinde çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu şekilde besinlerin zenginleştirilmesi, sentetik folik asit kullanımına karşı doğal bir alternatif olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Probiyotik
• Folik asit takviyesi
• Besin zenginleştirme

PROBIOTICS' NATURAL FOLATE SOURCE POTENTIAL: CURRENT OVERVIEW

Abstract

Folate is a basic micronutrient that is responsible for cell division and DNA synthesis and essential for maintaining vital activities. Insufficient folat intake causes megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defect, cardiovascular diseases, growth reterdation, some neurological diseases such as alzheimer's and some types of cancer. Folate deficiency is considered as an important public health problem around the world due to its role in the development of neural tube defects. Therefore, in many countries, neural tube defects are tried to be prevented by folic acid supplements or enriching foods with folic acid. The chemical form of folate is known as folic acid, and it is used in food supplements. Experimental studies have shown that consuming folic acid in high doses with this synthetic form has a negative effect on neuronal development. As a result, there are conflicting views on the safety of folic acid supplementation. In recent years, research has been conducted on the folate fortification of foods via fermentation of some probiotic bacteria. Nutrient fortification in this way can be a natural alternative to the use of synthetic folic acid.

Keywords

• Probiotic
• folic acid supplementation
• Food fortification

Kaynakça

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