GÖÇMEN KADINLARIN BESLENMEYE DAİR SORUNLARI

Öz

Göç, dünyada var olan sağlıkta kabul edilen evrensel bir olgudur. Göçler pek çok faktörden etkilenmekte ve cinsiyet farklılıkları, göçmenlerin yaşadığı sorunlarda önemli rol oynamaktadır. Kadınlar ayrımcılığa ve sağlık hizmetine ulaşım noktasında zorluklara maruz kaldıklarından göçün kadınlar üzerinde etkisi daha belirgindir. Bu durum kadınları daha dezavantajlı hale getirmektedir. Göçün nedenleri çok yönlüdür ve bireylerin kontrolü içindeki ve dışındaki faktörler arasındaki karmaşık bir etkileşimi içerir. Farklı bir kültüre adapte olmanın zorluğuyla birlikte kadın göçmenlerin beslenme alışkanlıklarında ciddi bir değişim meydana gelmektedir. Yeni beslenme kültürüyle karşılaşma, alışılmış düzeni geride bırakma, yeni bir çevrede alışveriş yapma, yeni besinlere adapte olma noktasında güvensizlik oluşturmaktadır. Kadın göçmenler, geleneksel beslenme düzenlerine ek olarak yüksek yağlı ve şekerli atıştırmalıklar, içecekler ve fast-food yiyecekler tüketmektedir, gündelik hayattaki değişimin beraberinde getirdiği kültürel, ekonomik, sosyal engeller nedeniyle çok daha hızlı kilo almaktadır. Yaşlı göçmen kadınlarda kültürleşme ile meyve sebze tüketiminin azalmaktadır. Göçmen gebelerde ise kültürel beslenme kalıpları yeterli ve dengeli beslenmeyi etkilemektedir. Gebe kadınlar, göç döneminde belirli sağlık ve sosyal ihtiyaçlar nedeniyle özellikle savunmasız bir grup oluşturmaktadır. Göçmen gebeler obeziteye yüksek yatkınlık göstermeleri ve yetersiz mikro besin ögesi almaları nedeniyle obstetrik risk teşkil etmektedir. Göçmen anneler daha fazla fast-food tüketmektedir. Göç, günümüzde kadın sağlığını ilgilendiren, dikkate alınması gereken bir konudur. Beslenme yetersizliklerinin ve kötü beslenmenin göç sonrası devam etmesi halinde göçmen kadınlar sağlık sorunları nedeniyle yüksek riskli bir grup haline gelecektir. Bu nedenle kadın sağlığı savunucularının göçmenlerin sağlığının iyileştirilmesine dahil olması, göçmen kadınların yaşadıkları beslenme problemlerine dair farkındalığın arttırılması, göçmen kadınlara beslenme eğitimlerinin verilmesi, göçmenlere yönelik sağlık politikalarının oluşturulması önem taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• göç
• göçmen kadınlar
• beslenme
• beslenme sorunları
• beslenme geçişi

NUTRITIONAL CHALLENGES OF MIGRANT WOMEN

Abstract

Migration is a universal phenomenon that is accepted in health in the world. Migration is affected by many factors and gender differences play an important role in the problems experienced by migrants. The impact of migration on women is more pronounced, as women face discrimination and difficulties in accessing healthcare. This situation makes women more disadvantaged. The causes of migration are multifaceted and involve a complex interplay between factors within and outside individuals' control. With the difficulty of adapting to a different culture, there is a serious change in the eating habits of female immigrants. Encountering the new food culture, leaving the usual order behind, shopping in a new environment, creating insecurity at the point of adapting to new foods. Female immigrants consume high-fat and sugary snacks, beverages and fast-food in addition to their traditional diets. She gains weight much faster due to the cultural, economic and social barriers it brings with it. Consumption of fruit and vegetables decreases with acculturation in elderly immigrant women. Cultural nutrition patterns in immigrant pregnant women affect adequate and balanced nutrition. Pregnant women constitute a particularly vulnerable group due to certain health and social needs during the migration period. Migrant pregnant women pose an obstetric risk due to their high tendency to obesity and insufficient micronutrient intake. Immigrant mothers consume more fast food. Migration is an issue that concerns women's health today and needs to be taken into account. If nutritional deficiencies and malnutrition persist after migration, migrant women will become a high-risk group due to health problems. For this reason, it is important to involve women's health advocates in improving the health of immigrants, to raise awareness of the nutritional problems that migrant women experience, to provide nutritional training to migrant women, and to formulate health policies for immigrants.

Keywords

• migration
• migrant women
• nutrition
• nutrition chalenges
• nutrition transtion

Kaynakça

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