MENOPOZAL DÖNEM SEMPTOMLARI VE HEMŞİRELİK BAKIMI

Öz

Küresel yaşam, beklenen yaşam süresinin artmasına neden olmuş ve kadınlar artık yaşamlarının yaklaşık üçte birini klimakterik dönemde geçirmektedirler. Bu nedenle de kadınlar menopoz semptomlarının etkisini daha uzun süre yaşamaktadırlar. Menopozal geçiş sürecinde ortaya çıkabilecek semptomlar kadınların yaklaşık %85'inde görülmektedir. Kadınların yaşadığı menopozal semptomlar; vazomotor semptomlar, uyku ile ilgili değişiklikler, emosyonel değişiklikler, saç ve deri değişiklikleri, ürogenital değişiklikler ve cinsel değişiklikler, metabolik sendrom ve kardiyovasküler değişiklikler, gastrointestinal değişiklikler ve kas-iskelet sistemi değişikliklerini kapsamaktadır. Bu semptomların görülme sıklığı ve özellikleri kadından kadına değişiklik göstermektedir. Hemşirelerin, kadınlara kanıt temelli güncel bilgiler vermesi, kadınların bu bilgiler doğrultusunda bilinçli seçimler yapmalarını sağlaması ve seçimlerini günlük yaşamlarına uygulamalarına destek olmaları önemlidir. Böylece hemşirelerin eğitici, danışman, araştırmacı, uygulayıcı ve destekleyici rolleri menopozal dönemdeki kadınların yaşadıkları sorunlarının çözümünde önemli rol oynayacaktır ve kadınların menopozal semptomlarla baş edebilmeleri mümkün olabilecektir. Sonuç olarak hemşireler tarafından bu doğal süreçte rahatsız edici semptomların olabileceği ve bunların büyük çoğunluğunun uygun danışmanlıkla hafifletilebileceği mesajının verilmesi, kadın, aile ve toplum sağlığına katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu derleme menopozal dönem semptomlarını ve hemşirelik bakımını incelemek amacıyla yazılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• menopozal semptomlar
• Menopoz
• hemşirelik

MENOPOSAL SYMPTOMS AND NURSING CARE

Abstract

Global life has led to an increase in life expectancy and women now spend about one third of their lives in the climacteric period. For this reason, women experience the effects of menopausal symptoms for a longer period of time. Symptoms that may occur during the menopausal transition are seen in approximately 85% of women. Menopausal symptoms experienced by women; These include vasomotor symptoms, sleep-related changes, emotional changes, hair and skin changes, urogenital and sexual changes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular changes, gastrointestinal changes, and musculoskeletal changes. The incidence and characteristics of these symptoms vary from woman to woman. It is important for nurses to provide women with up-to-date evidence-based information, to enable women to make informed choices in line with this information, and to support them in applying their choices to their daily lives. Thus, the educators, consultants, researchers, practitioners and supportive roles of nurses will play an important role in solving the problems experienced by women in the menopausal period, and it will be possible for women to cope with menopausal symptoms. As a result, giving the message by nurses that there may be disturbing symptoms in this natural process and that most of them can be alleviated with appropriate counseling will contribute to the health of women, families and society. This review was written to examine menopausal symptoms and nursing care.

Keywords

• menopausal symptoms
• Menopause
• nursing

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