COVID-19 VE UZAKTAN EĞİTİM

Öz

COVID-19 enfeksiyonu eğitim dahil yaşamın tüm alanlarını etkileyen bulaşıcı ve ölümcül bir hastalıktır. Etken virüsün olası yayılımını önlemek amacıyla okullar kapatılmış ve uzaktan eğitim sürecine geçilmiştir. Her ne kadar uzaktan eğitim öğrenciler ve öğretmenler için yeni bir uygulama olmamasına karşın, temel düzeyde hesap yapabilme ve adaptasyon becerileri vb. gibi birtakım özelliklere sahip olmayı gerektirir. Bu bağlamda, ülkelerin eğitim öğretim süreçlerinde yaşanan değişimlerin, eğitim kurumlarını ve eğiticileri önemli ölçüde etkilediği bir gerçektir. Ülkeler arasında öğrenme modellerinin oluşturulması ve uygulanması sürecinin, birbirinden oldukça farklılık gösterdiği bilinmektedir. Eğitim öğretim süreçlerinde en iyi yöntem ve araçların belirlenmesi ve bunların kullanımına ilişkin yaşanan belirsizliğin, bu farklılığı yarattığı düşünülmektedir. Çevrimiçi öğrenmenin birçok ülke için erken bir aşamada olduğu göz önüne alındığında, uygulamaya ilişkin avantajların yanı sıra birtakım sorun ve engellerle karşılaşılması oldukça olasıdır. Bu derleme makale, pandemi ortamının yarattığı uzaktan eğitim sürecinin eğiticiler ve öğrenciler üzerindeki etkileri, çevrimiçi öğrenmenin sunduğu avantajlar/kolaylıklar ile getirdiği dezavantaj/kısıtlılıkları ortaya koymak amacıyla yazılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• uzaktan eğitim
• çevrimiçi öğrenme
• hemşirelik

COVID-19 AND DISTANCE LEARNING

Abstract

COVID-19 infection is a contagious and deadly disease that affects all areas of life, including education. In order to prevent the possible spread of the causative virus, schools were closed and the distance education process was started. Although distance education is not a new application for students and teachers, basic level calculation and adaptation skills etc. It requires some features such as. In this context, it is a fact that the changes in the education and training processes of the countries have a significant impact on educational institutions and educators. It is known that the process of creating and implementing learning models between countries varies considerably from each other. It is thought that the determination of the best methods and tools in education and training processes and the uncertainty about their use create this difference. Given that online learning is at an early stage for many countries, it is quite possible to encounter a number of problems and obstacles along with practical advantages. This review article was written in order to reveal the effects of the distance education process created by the pandemic environment on educators and students, the advantages / conveniences of online learning and the disadvantages / limitations brought by it.

Keywords

• COVID-19
• distance learning
• online learning
• nursing

Kaynakça

1. 1. World Health Organization. WHO Director-general's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020. https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020 Accessed on December 07, 2020.
2. 2. Wang C, Cheng Z, Yue XG, McAleer M. Risk management of COVID-19 by universities in China. J. Risk Financial Manag. 2020;13(2):1-6.
3. 3. Auger KA, Shah SS, Richardson T, Hartley D, Hall M, Warniment A, et al. Association between statewide school closure and COVID-19 incidence and mortality in the US. JAMA. 2020;324(9):859-870.
4. 4. UNESCO. COVID-19 Educational disruption and response. https://uil.unesco.org/covid-19-educational-disruption-and-response Accesssed on December 07, 2020.
5. 5. UNESCO. COVID-19 impact on education. https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse Accesssed on December 07, 2020.
6. 6. Abuhammad S. Barriers to distance learning during the COVID-19 outbreak: a qualitative review from parents’ perspective. Heliyon. 2020;6(11):1-5.
7. 7. Unger S, Meiran WR. Student attitudes towards online education during the COVID-19 viral outbreak of 2020: distance learning in a time of social distance. International Journal of Technology in Education and Science. 2020;4(4):256-266.
8. 8. Hasan N, Khan NH. Online teaching-learning during COVID-19 pandemic: students’perspectıve. The Online Journal of Distance Education and e-Learning. 2020;8(4):202-213.

9. 9. Nenko Y, Кybalna N, Snisarenko, Y. The COVID-19 distance learning: insight from ukrainian students. Revista Brasileira de Educação do Campo. 2020;5:1-19.
10. 10. UNESCO. National learning platforms and tools. https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse/nationalresponses#EASTERN%20EUROPE%20&%20CENTRAL%20ASIA Accessed on December 15, 2020.
11. 11. Wahid R, Pribadi F, Wakas BE. Digital activism: COVID-19 effects in campus learning. Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal. 2020;3(3):1336-1342.
12. 12. Koçoğlu E, Tekdal D. Analysis of distance education activities conducted during COVID-19 pandemic. Educational Research and Reviews. 2020;15(9):536-543.
13. 13. Alamanar MA. The Shifting of face to face learning to distance learning during the pandemic COVID-19. Globish (An English-Indonesian journal for English, Education and Culture). 2020;9(2):76-83.
14. 14. Alea LA, Fabrea MF, Roldan RDA, Farooqi AZ. Teachers’ COVID-19 awareness, distance learning education experiences and perceptions towards institutional readiness and challenges. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research. 2020;19(6):127-144.
15. 15. Wargadinata W, Maimunah I, Dewi E, Rofiq Z. Student’s responses on learning in the early COVID-19 pandemic. Tadris: Jurnal Keguruan dan Ilmu Tarbiyah. 2020;5(1):141-153.
16. 16. Utomo MNY, Sudaryanto M, Saddhono K. Tools and strategy for distance learning to respond COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Ingénierie des Systèmes d’Information. 2020;25(3):383-390.
17. 17. Jena PK. Impact of pandemic COVID-19 on education in India. International Journal of Current Research. 2020;12(7):12582-12586.
18. 18. Sari I, Sinaga P, Hernani H, Solfarina S. Chemistry learning via distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Tadris: Jurnal Keguruan dan Ilmu Tarbiyah. 2020;5(1):155-165.
19. 19. Bahasoan A, Ayuandiani W, Mukhram M, Rahmat A. Effectiveness of online learning in pandemic COVID-19. International Journal Of Science, Technology & Management. 2020;148:108-121.
20. 20. Mukhtar K, Javed K, Arooj M, Sethi A. Advantages, limitations and recommendations for online learning during COVID-19 pandemic era. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(COVID-19-S4):27-31.
21. 21. Hebebci MT, Bertiz Y, Alan S. Investigation of views of students and teachers on distance education practices during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. International Journal of Technology in Education and Science. 2020;4(4):267-282.
22. 22. Lall S, Singh N. COVID-19: Unmasking the new face of Education. Int. J. Res. Pharm. Sci. 2020;1(11): 48-53.
23. 23. Fatoni, Arifiatib N, Nurkhayati E, Fidziah, Pamungkas G, Adha S, et al. University students online learning system during COVID-19 pandemic: advantages, constraints and solutions. Sys Rev Pharm. 2020;11(7):570-576.
24. 24. Amir LR, Tanti I, Maharani DA, Wimardhani YS, Julia V, Sulijaya B, et al. Student perspective of classroom and distance learning during COVID-19 pandemic in the undergraduate dental study program universitas Indonesia. BMC Med Educ. 2020;20(1):392.
25. 25. Gerbeshi Zylfiu B, Rasimi A. Challenges and advantages of onlıne learning: the case of Kosovo. International Journal of Management. 2020;11(10):1873-1880.
26. 26. Nambiar D. The impact of online learning during COVID-19: students’ and teachers’ perspective. The International Journal of Indian Psychology. 2020;8(2):783-793.
27. 27. Adnan M, Anwar K. Online learning amid the COVID-19 pandemic: students' perspectives. Journal of Pedagogical Sociology and Psychology. 2020;2(1):45-51.
28. 28. Baticulon RE, Alberto NRI, Baron MBC, Mabulay REC, Rizida LGT, Sy JJ, et al. Barriers to online learning in the time of COVID-19: a national survey of medical students in the Philippines. medRxiv, 2020. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.16.20155747v2 Accessed on December 20, 2020.
29. 29. Chen E, Kaczmarek K, Ohyama H. Student perceptions of distance learning strategies during COVID-19. J Dent Educ. J Dent Educ. 2020 Jul 19;10.1002/jdd.12339. doi: 10.1002/jdd.12339. Online ahead of print.
30. 30. Bahri Yusoff MS, Hanim Hadie SN, Mohamad I, Draman N, Muhd Al-Aarifin I, Wan Abdul Rahman WF, et al. Sustainable medical teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: surviving the new normal. Malays J Med Sci. 2020;27(3):137-142.
31. 31. Kaczmarek K, Chen E, Ohyama H. Distance learning in the COVID-19 era: comparison of student and faculty perceptions. J Dent Educ. 2020 Oct 18. doi: 10.1002/jdd.12469. Online ahead of print.
32. 32. Mouchantaf M. The COVID-19 pandemic: challenges faced and lessons learned regarding distance learning in lebanese higher education institutions. Theory and Practice in Language Studies. 2020;10(10):1259-1266.
33. 33. Sindiani AM, Obeidat N, Alshdaifat E, Elsalem L, Alwani MM, Rawashdeh H, et al. Distance education during the COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional study among medical students in North of Jordan. Annals of Medicine and Surgery. 2020;59:186-194.
34. 34. Aksoğan M, Çalış Duman M. A Research on academician opinions on distance education in the COVID-19 process. NATURENGS, MTU Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences. 2020; Special Issue:38-49.
35. 35. Özer B, Üstün E. Evaluation of students' views on the COVID-19 distance education process in music departments of fine arts faculties. Asian Journal of Education and Training. 2020;6(3):556-568.
36. 36. Miralay F. Evaluation of distance education practice in 2020 COVID 19 pandemıc process. Near East University Journal of Education Faculty. 2020;3(2):79-86.
37. 37. Sukhomlyn T, Hordiienko L, Sukhomlyn A, Zaporozhets T. Distance education of medical students during COVID-19 pandemic. Fundamental and Applied Researches in Practice of Leading Scientific Schools. 2020;38(2):119-121.
38. 38. Al-Balas M, Al-Balas Hİ, Jaber HM, Obeidat K, Al-Balas H, Aborajooh EA, et al. Distance learning in clinical medical education amid COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan: current situation, challenges, and perspectives. BMC Medical Education. 2020;20(341):1-7.
39. 39. Jayara S. The advantages and disadvantages of online teaching in medical education. Journal of Medical Evidence. 2020;1:144-6.
40. 40. Shabnam Shuchi M, Tabassum SC, Toufique MMK. A year of online classes amid COVID-19 pandemic: advantages, problems, and suggestions of economics students at a Bangladeshi Public University (June 6, 2021). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3861135 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3861135
41. 41. Almahasees Z, Mohsen K, Amin MO. Faculty’s and students’ perceptions of online learning during COVID-19. Frontiers in Education. 2021;6(638470):1-10.