Araştırma Makalesi

WAS THERE ANTIQUITIES LAW AND REGULATIONS BEFORE THE ÂSÂR-I ATÎKA NIZÂMNÂME OF 1869?

Cilt: 4 Sayı: 7 20 Ocak 2022
PDF İndir
EN TR

WAS THERE ANTIQUITIES LAW AND REGULATIONS BEFORE THE ÂSÂR-I ATÎKA NIZÂMNÂME OF 1869?

Öz

This article aims to address the question of law, administrative rules and custom concerning the antiquities in Ottoman territory in the period before the 13th of February 1869 when the “Âsâr-ı Atîka Nizâmnâme,” came into force, which has repeatedly been said to be the Ottoman state’s first regulation of archaeological resources, if this is not said in respect to that promulgated in 1874, or even that of 1884, which has repeatedly been the case in the modern works on this subject published over the past thirty years. The resources employed in this research include previously unpublished Ottoman archival material concerning antiquities, addressing the matter of Ottoman antiquities regulations, as there are Ottoman Emirnâme, and administrative regulations, that include the forbidding of the export of antiquities from Ottoman territory, and placing limits upon foreign antiquarian research and on digging/excavation at ancient sites, as elsewhere in Ottoman territory in the period before 1869. The regulation of 1869 simply codified the earlier legal administrative practice concerning antiquities. For example, on the 30th of August, 1852, Edhem Paşa, was warned that care should be taken to prevent the selling of antiquities to foreigners; in a document dated 4th of May, 1865, it is seen that certain rules should be followed in excavation permits related to historical artifacts in the Ottoman State. The evidence from non-Ottoman sources clearly shows that Ottoman law, rule and custom forbidding the export of antiquities without explicit permission was certainly in force in the 17th century, more than two centuries before the era of Tanzimat. In 1623 the English ambassador to the Porte stated there was at that time, both law and custom forbidding the removal of antiquities from Ottoman territory. In consequence, the ambassador stated that secrecy and bribery were to be employed to remove antiquities from Ottoman territory. These same methods were likewise advised in publications of the the 18th and 19th centuries. This article suggests that a reason for the repeated emphasis in the modern literature upon the Âsâr-ı Atîka Nizâmnâme of 1869, of 1874 and of 1884, is that this serves in effect to legalize a rather large quantity of antiquities that were removed illegally, through secrecy and bribery, without permission, from Ottoman territory in the period before 1869 which are today in a wide variety of museums and collections abroad.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. ANDERSON, Benjamin, “An alternative discourse”: Local interpreters of antiquities in the Ottoman Empire”, Journal of Field Archaeology, 40/4, 2015, pp.450-460.
  2. CHANDLER, Richard, Travels in Asia Minor, Or an Account of a Tour Made at the Expense of the Society of Dilettanti, printed at the Clarendon Press, London 1775.
  3. COOK, Brian F., ‎Bernard Ashmole, ‎Donald Emrys Strong, Relief Sculpture of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Trustees of the British Museum, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2005.
  4. SCHLIEMANN, Heinrich, Ilios: The City and Country of the Trojans: the Results of Researches and Discoveries on the Site of Troy and Throughout the Troad in the Years 1871-72-73-78-79: Including an Autobiography of the Author, John Murray, London 1880.
  5. Testimonies of Different Authors Respecting the Colossal Statue of Ceres: Placed in the Vestibule of the Public Library at Cambridge, July the First, 1803; with a Short Account of Its Removal from Eleusis, November 22, 1801, Printed by Francis Hodson, Cambridge 1803.
  6. WRIGHT, G. R. H., “The legality of the consular Excavations in Ottoman Cyprus”, Ed. Veronica Tatton-Brown, Cyprus in the 19th Century AD: Fact, Fancy and Fiction: Papers of the 22nd British Museum Classical Colloquium, December 1998, Oxbow Books, 2001, pp.1-11.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

-

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

20 Ocak 2022

Gönderilme Tarihi

18 Aralık 2021

Kabul Tarihi

7 Ocak 2022

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2022 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 7

Kaynak Göster

APA
Çelik, C. (2022). WAS THERE ANTIQUITIES LAW AND REGULATIONS BEFORE THE ÂSÂR-I ATÎKA NIZÂMNÂME OF 1869? Genel Türk Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(7), 167-188. https://doi.org/10.53718/gttad.1038303
AMA
1.Çelik C. WAS THERE ANTIQUITIES LAW AND REGULATIONS BEFORE THE ÂSÂR-I ATÎKA NIZÂMNÂME OF 1869? GTTAD. 2022;4(7):167-188. doi:10.53718/gttad.1038303
Chicago
Çelik, Cemil. 2022. “WAS THERE ANTIQUITIES LAW AND REGULATIONS BEFORE THE ÂSÂR-I ATÎKA NIZÂMNÂME OF 1869?”. Genel Türk Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi 4 (7): 167-88. https://doi.org/10.53718/gttad.1038303.
EndNote
Çelik C (01 Ocak 2022) WAS THERE ANTIQUITIES LAW AND REGULATIONS BEFORE THE ÂSÂR-I ATÎKA NIZÂMNÂME OF 1869? Genel Türk Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi 4 7 167–188.
IEEE
[1]C. Çelik, “WAS THERE ANTIQUITIES LAW AND REGULATIONS BEFORE THE ÂSÂR-I ATÎKA NIZÂMNÂME OF 1869?”, GTTAD, c. 4, sy 7, ss. 167–188, Oca. 2022, doi: 10.53718/gttad.1038303.
ISNAD
Çelik, Cemil. “WAS THERE ANTIQUITIES LAW AND REGULATIONS BEFORE THE ÂSÂR-I ATÎKA NIZÂMNÂME OF 1869?”. Genel Türk Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi 4/7 (01 Ocak 2022): 167-188. https://doi.org/10.53718/gttad.1038303.
JAMA
1.Çelik C. WAS THERE ANTIQUITIES LAW AND REGULATIONS BEFORE THE ÂSÂR-I ATÎKA NIZÂMNÂME OF 1869? GTTAD. 2022;4:167–188.
MLA
Çelik, Cemil. “WAS THERE ANTIQUITIES LAW AND REGULATIONS BEFORE THE ÂSÂR-I ATÎKA NIZÂMNÂME OF 1869?”. Genel Türk Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 4, sy 7, Ocak 2022, ss. 167-88, doi:10.53718/gttad.1038303.
Vancouver
1.Cemil Çelik. WAS THERE ANTIQUITIES LAW AND REGULATIONS BEFORE THE ÂSÂR-I ATÎKA NIZÂMNÂME OF 1869? GTTAD. 01 Ocak 2022;4(7):167-88. doi:10.53718/gttad.1038303

Cited By