EN
TR
MİLİTARY NAMES İN THE OLD TURKS
Abstract
Military concepts were too much in the ancient Turkic society, among which war and heroism were always significant. The lives of heroes, who had a prominent role place in the social and military hierarchy, were full of hunting, herding and raiding. There were many words and names related to heroism in parallel with the meanings attributed to heroism and heroes. Those meanings attributed in the cultural field were naturally reflected in the language and led to the production of many concepts and terms. The words alp, alpagut, bagatur, cılasun, er, eren, erklig, igid, iriz, kakız, kurç eren, kür, sökmen, tıgrak and yılpagut were used for hero. War, attack and defence were naturally important in social life of the ancient Turks and there were many concepts related to them also. There were such words as çoğı, doğişme, gavga, kırış, sançış, sünüş, tegiş, tütüş, tokış and uruş to express the concept of war. The concept of yağı existed in return for an enemy. The concepts of captive and hostage were being used for bulun, tutgun, tutuğ, tutkuk and tutsak in exchange. In exchange for a fortress there was the concept of a kurgan. The city where the khan lived was called the army. The watchtowers were called kargu and kuzet. Weapons, the most important tools of military art, were also developed and diversified. The diversity in weapons was reflected also in their naming. Concepts about the horse and its equipment that are indispensable for war and warriors came into existence among the Turks since the earliest periods of equestrianism. The war horse was called a ulaga. The horses were given special names such as Boz, Ögsiz and Azman Ak etc. There were many concepts related to the saddle, stirrup and bridle of the horse. There were concepts related to horse equipment such as eyer, kaltak, köpçük, otgun, kömüldürük, kusurgun, üzengi, üygen, tizgin, tuyağ, kamçı, kösür, tuşağ etc. Other instruments such as bows and arrows were called in various names in accordance with their appearance, purpose, and parts. The concepts related to the arrow were başak, borı, çırguy, gez, tili, çıgılvar ok, katutluk ok, ıslıklı ok. Other weapons of war were called baldu, biçdek, bıçgu, bügte, süngü, yasiç. Related to armor and helmets were the concepts of say, yarık, tulga, yaşuk and ışuk. Another area of vocabulary contained various names and concepts for military organization, strategy and tactics, which were elementary for the art of war. Among the names related to the military structure, sü, urungu, sübaşı, çabış, yelme, yezek, basımcı, tutğak, yatgak, böri, tümenbaşı, binbaşı, yüzbaşı, onbaşı can be counted. Army units were formed on the basis of the Decimal system. The army included cavalry, foot, special and reconnaissance units. Cavalry units stood out as the main element of the army and carried out attacks from a distance using bows and arrows on horseback in battles. This strategy helped reduce blood loss by allowing them to minimize their own losses.There were concepts such as çanka, tuzak, püsüğ, çapkun, ülker- çeriğ related to tactics. This means that the old Turks had a rich vocabulary of naming and definitions about the tools and equipment developed for all elements of military power and their usage techniques, in addition to having a great military power.
Keywords
Kaynakça
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Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
Türkçe
Konular
Türk Bozkır Kültürü
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar
Eda Durmuş
*
0000-0002-0460-4712
Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi
20 Ocak 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi
10 Kasım 2023
Kabul Tarihi
5 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 1970 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 11
Chicago
Durmuş, Eda. 2024. “ESKİ TÜRKLERDE ASKERÎ ADLANDIRMALAR”. Genel Türk Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi 6 (11): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.53718/gttad.1388813.
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