BEYOND MADNESS: A RE-EVALUATION OF THE STRATEGIC RATIONALE BEHIND THE BYZANTINE–SASANIAN WAR OF 572
Öz
The reign of Emperor Justin II (565–578) is commonly overshadowed by that of Justinian I and is frequently portrayed in traditional historiography as an irrational and hubristic interlude, largely because of the war launched against the Sasanian Empire in 572. This article reconsiders that judgement by reassessing the strategic rationale behind Justin II’s decision and the factors that shaped the war’s trajectory. It argues that the outbreak of conflict cannot be reduced to personal ambition or diplomatic incompetence alone but must be situated within a geopolitical conjuncture that appeared to favour Byzantium: the unexpected diplomatic alignment with the Göktürk Khaganate on the Sasanian’ eastern frontier and the Armenian uprisings in the Caucasus, prompted by religious and administrative pressures under Sasanian rule. Within this context, Justin II pursued an ambitious “two-front pressure” strategy aimed at exploiting perceived Sasanian vulnerabilities. The study further suggests that early setbacks stemmed less from an inherently flawed grand strategy than from operational fragilities, including logistical deficiencies and discord within the Byzantine command structure. A key contribution concerns the emperor’s mental deterioration. Rather than treating the fall of Dara in 573 as the sole trigger of a sudden breakdown, the comparative reading of Greek, Syriac, and Oriental sources indicates that signs of instability emerged earlier and progressively impaired decision-making at critical moments of the campaign. The article therefore interprets the disaster of 572–574 not simply as a strategic miscalculation, but as the collapse of a high-risk yet coherent policy under the strain of a centralised system excessively dependent on the ruler’s cognitive capacity.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Justin II, The Byzantine-Sasanians Wars, Khusro I, Göktürks (The Turkish Khaganate), Frontier Studies
Kaynakça
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