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SOVIET SURVEILLANCE APPARATUS ON GERMAN EXPEDITIONS IN TURKESTAN AND ITS EFFECT ON GREAT TERROR

Cilt: 8 Sayı: 18 26 Eylül 2026
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SOVIET SURVEILLANCE APPARATUS ON GERMAN EXPEDITIONS IN TURKESTAN AND ITS EFFECT ON GREAT TERROR

Öz

This study examines the intersection between German expeditions conducted at various intervals in Soviet Turkestan and Soviet surveillance mechanisms, exploring the role of these interactions in shaping the repressive measures directed at Turkestani intellectuals and leaders during the Great Terror. Drawing primarily on documents from the German Foreign Office Archives (Politisches Archiv des Auswärtigen Amts) and a comparative analysis of Soviet interrogation transcripts, the research addresses why Soviet authorities initially permitted German diplomatic, academic, and commercial activities in the region, how they subsequently reinterpreted them as potential threats, and how this triggered a 'security skepticism' that fueled mass arrests. By situating the shifting Soviet ideologies and German-Soviet relations of the 1920s and 1930s at the center of the analysis, the study moves beyond viewing the Great Terror merely as a center-driven act of repression. Instead, through the cases of Fayzulla Khodzhayev and Turar Ryskulov, it analyzes how the Soviet security apparatus transformed 'fifth column' conspiracies into actionable evidence. The research emphasizes that the ties Turkestani intellectuals established with German academia and institutions—initially facilitated and even encouraged by Soviet officials under the Rapallo Treaty for cultural and educational purposes—were instrumentalized as the basis for charges of espionage and counter-revolutionary activities following Hitler’s rise to power in 1933. Consequently, by placing the repressions within the context of broader geopolitical tensions, the study reveals how international dynamics were intertwined with the way Soviet institutions justified the Great Terror through the instrumentalization of external influence.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Great Terror, Transnational History, Turkestan, Soviet Intelligence, German-Soviet Relations, Stalinism

Destekleyen Kurum

The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye

Proje Numarası

1059B192202158

Kaynakça

  1. AFANVI, Apegnoyou, Rudolf Asmis (1879-1945), Peter Lang, Frankfurt 2013.
  2. AGABEKOV, Georgi Sergeyevich, OGPU: The Russian Secret Terror, trans. Henry W. Bunn, Brentano’s, New York 1931.
  3. ANDICAN, A. Ahat, Cedidizmden Bağımsızlığa Hariçte Türkistan Mücadelesi, Ötüken, İstanbul 2020.
  4. AŞNİN, F. D. – ALPATOV, V. M. – NASİLOV, D. M., Mahvedilmiş Türkoloji, trans. Gaffar Çakmaklı Mehdiyev, TTK, Ankara 2016.
  5. AŞNİN, F. D. – ALPATOV, V. M. – NASİLOV, D. M., Repressirovannaya Tyurkologiya, Vostochnaya Literatura, Moscow 2002.
  6. BENNIGSEN, Alexandre A. – WIMBUSH, S. Enders, Muslim National Communism in the Soviet Union: A Revolutionary Strategy for the Colonial World, University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1979.
  7. CAMERON, Sarah, The Hungry Steppe: Famine, Violence, and the Making of Soviet Kazakhstan, Cornell University Press, Ithaca 2018.
  8. CONQUEST, Robert, The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1986.
  9. CONQUEST, Robert, Stalin and the Kirov Murder, Oxford University Press, New York 1989.
  10. CONQUEST, Robert, The Great Terror: A Reassessment, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2007.

Kaynak Göster

APA
Teğin, E. (2026). SOVIET SURVEILLANCE APPARATUS ON GERMAN EXPEDITIONS IN TURKESTAN AND ITS EFFECT ON GREAT TERROR. Genel Türk Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(18), 1321-1340. https://doi.org/10.53718/gttad.1966035
AMA
1.Teğin E. SOVIET SURVEILLANCE APPARATUS ON GERMAN EXPEDITIONS IN TURKESTAN AND ITS EFFECT ON GREAT TERROR. GTTAD. 2026;8(18):1321-1340. doi:10.53718/gttad.1966035
Chicago
Teğin, Emre. 2026. “SOVIET SURVEILLANCE APPARATUS ON GERMAN EXPEDITIONS IN TURKESTAN AND ITS EFFECT ON GREAT TERROR”. Genel Türk Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi 8 (18): 1321-40. https://doi.org/10.53718/gttad.1966035.
EndNote
Teğin E (01 Eylül 2026) SOVIET SURVEILLANCE APPARATUS ON GERMAN EXPEDITIONS IN TURKESTAN AND ITS EFFECT ON GREAT TERROR. Genel Türk Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi 8 18 1321–1340.
IEEE
[1]E. Teğin, “SOVIET SURVEILLANCE APPARATUS ON GERMAN EXPEDITIONS IN TURKESTAN AND ITS EFFECT ON GREAT TERROR”, GTTAD, c. 8, sy 18, ss. 1321–1340, Eyl. 2026, doi: 10.53718/gttad.1966035.
ISNAD
Teğin, Emre. “SOVIET SURVEILLANCE APPARATUS ON GERMAN EXPEDITIONS IN TURKESTAN AND ITS EFFECT ON GREAT TERROR”. Genel Türk Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi 8/18 (01 Eylül 2026): 1321-1340. https://doi.org/10.53718/gttad.1966035.
JAMA
1.Teğin E. SOVIET SURVEILLANCE APPARATUS ON GERMAN EXPEDITIONS IN TURKESTAN AND ITS EFFECT ON GREAT TERROR. GTTAD. 2026;8:1321–1340.
MLA
Teğin, Emre. “SOVIET SURVEILLANCE APPARATUS ON GERMAN EXPEDITIONS IN TURKESTAN AND ITS EFFECT ON GREAT TERROR”. Genel Türk Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 8, sy 18, Eylül 2026, ss. 1321-40, doi:10.53718/gttad.1966035.
Vancouver
1.Emre Teğin. SOVIET SURVEILLANCE APPARATUS ON GERMAN EXPEDITIONS IN TURKESTAN AND ITS EFFECT ON GREAT TERROR. GTTAD. 01 Eylül 2026;8(18):1321-40. doi:10.53718/gttad.1966035