İklim Değişikliği ve Sürdürülebilirlik: Politika, Liberalleşme ve Özelleştirme Üzerine Bir Değerlendirmesi

Öz

Bu çalışma, siyasi ideolojilerin, ekonomik liberalleşmenin ve özelleştirmenin iklim eylemini ve çevresel sürdürülebilirliği nasıl şekillendirdiğine dair kapsamlı bir inceleme sunmaktadır. Çalışma, etkili iklim yönetişiminin siyasi irade, ekonomik çerçeveler ve toplumsal katılım arasındaki sinerjiye bağlı olduğunu savunmaktadır. Uluslararası iklim anlaşmalarından ulusal politikalara kadar çeşitli boyutlardaki etkileşimi, özellikle Hindistan'ın kalkınma ve sürdürülebilirliği dengeleme deneyimine odaklanarak incelemektedir. Dünya Bankası Açık Veri Portalı'ndan elde edilen ampirik veriler kullanılarak yapılan ekonometrik analizler (Genişletilmiş Dickey-Fuller (ADF) birim kök testi, Johansen eşbütünleşme testi ve Granger nedensellik testi dahil), Hindistan'ın enerji kullanımı, GSYİH, yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ve orman alanı değişkenleri arasında uzun vadeli denge ilişkilerinin varlığını ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuçlar, sürdürülebilirlik boyutlarının doğası gereği birbirine bağlı olduğunu ve entegre politika çerçeveleri gerektirdiğini doğrulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İklim Değişikliği
• Sürdürülebilirlik
• Liberalleşme
• Özelleştirme
• Yönetişim

Climate Change and Sustainability: A Critical Evaluation of Politics, Liberalization, and Privatization

Öz

This study provides a comprehensive examination of how political ideologies, economic liberalization, and privatization collectively shape climate action and environmental sustainability. The study argues that effective climate governance depends on the synergy between political will, economic frameworks, and societal participation. It examines the interplay across various dimensions, from international climate agreements to national policies, with a particular focus on India's experience in balancing development and sustainability. Econometric analyses conducted using empirical data from the World Bank Open Data Portal—including the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test, Johansen cointegration test, and Granger causality test—reveal the existence of long-run equilibrium relationships among India's energy use, GDP, renewable energy consumption, and forest area variables. The results confirm that sustainability dimensions are inherently interconnected and require integrated policy frameworks.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Climate Change
• Sustainability
• Liberalization
• Privatization
• Governance

Kaynakça

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