Optimizing Electrical Generators of Wind Energy Conversion System for Efficient Power Extraction

Abstract

Wind power generation capacity in India has significantly increased over the few decades and the total installed wind power capacity has grown up to 32.72 GW (as on October 2017), which ranks fourth largest in the world. The scope for wind farm as assessed using Geographic Information System (GIS) platform is found to be more than 2000 GW. So there is a lot of scope for expansion wind power projects provided studies are conducted on the selection of its components. One of the main components of Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) is the electrical generator apart from the prime mover and other structural parts.  This paper introduces an experimental setup for the study of different types of electrical generators and their feasibility for different wind conditions. In this setup, Squirrel Cage Induction Generator (SCIG), Slip Ring Induction Generator (SRIG), Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) and Permanent Magnet DC Generator (PMDC) are available for study. These generators are coupled to a Separately Excited DC motor via a portable coupling arrangement. The separately excited DC motor emulates the wind turbine. The results of the experimental setup are validated and presented. 

Keywords

• Wind turbine emulator,Wind energy conversion system,Chopper,Inverter,Armature controlled DC motor,Chopper,DC-DC Converter,Inverter,DAQ Interface

References

1. [1] P Kou, D Liang, F Gao, L Gao, “Coordinate predictive control of DFIG based wind battery hybrid system using non Gaussian wind power predictive distribution”, IEEE Trans. On energy conversion Vol. 30, No.2, pp. 681-695, June 2015.
2. [2] Kiran, and Sirdeep Singh, “Emulation of a Low Power Wind Turbine using DC Motor mechanically coupled to Synchronous Generator in Matlab- Simulink”, Proc. of the Intl. Conf. on Advances In Engineering And Technology - ICAET, pp. 219-223, 2014.
3. [3] Neetu Singh, and Dr. Bhupal Singh, “Design and Modeling of Wind Energy Conversion System Based on PMSG Using MPPT Technique”, International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering and Technology (IJSRET), Volume 5, Issue 2, pp. 96-100, Feb. 2016.
4. [4] Mamatha Sandhu and Tilak Thakur, “Issues, Challenges, Causes, Impacts and Utilization of Renewable energy Sources – Grid Integration”, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 3, (Version 1), pp. 636-643, March 2014.
5. [5] S A Saleh, R. Ahashan, “Resolution level controlled WM inverter for PMG based wind energy conversion system”, IEEE Trans. On Industry Applications, Vol. 48, No. 2, pp. 750-763, Mar. 2012.
6. [6] Y K Tan, S K Panda, “Optimized wind energy harvesting system using resistance emulator and active rectifier for wireless sensor nodes”, IEEE Trans. On Power Electronics, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 38-50, Jan. 2011.
7. [7] Ahemad Khan, Ismail Hossain, “Intelligent control based maximum power extraction strategy for wind energy conversion system”, IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2011.
8. [8] S W Mohod, and M V Aware, " Laboratory development of wind turbine simulator using variable speed induction motor", International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology, Vol. 3, No. 5, pp. 73-82, 2011.

9. [9] Weiwei LI, Dianguo XU, Wei ZHANG, Hongfei MA, “Research on Wind Turbine Emulation based on DC Motor”, IEEE, pp. 2589- 2593, 2007. [10] M M Amin, O A Mohammed, “Development of high performance grid connected wind energy conversion systems for optimum utilization of variable speed wind turbine”, IEEE Trans. On Sustainable Energy, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 235-245, July 2011.
10. [11] A Mesemanolis, C Mademlis, I Kioskeridis, “Optimal efficiency control strategy in wind energy conversion system with induction generator”, IEEE Journal of emerging and selected topics in power electronics, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 238-246, Dec. 2013.
11. [12] T F Chan, K A Nigim, L L Lai, “Voltage and Frequency Control Of Self Excited Slip Ring Induction Generator”, IEEE Trans. On Energy Conv. Vol. 19, No. 1, Mar. 2004, pp. 81- 87.
12. [13] P W Carlin, A S Laxson, E B Muljadi, The history and state of art of variable speed wind turbine technology, NREL, Feb. 2001.
13. [14] E Muljadi, M Singh, and V. Gevorgian, “Fixed speed and variable slip wind turbine providing spinning reserves to the grid”, NREL, pp. 1- 5, July 2013.
14. [15] H M Yassin, H H Hanafy, and M Hallaufa, “Optimization of PMSG variable speed wind energy conversion system controller parameter by biogeography-based optimization”, Journal of Electrical Engineering, pp.1-12, Jan. 2015
15. [16] Yun Su Kim, Il Yop Chung, Seung Il Moon, “Tuning of the PI Controllers Parametersof a PMSG Wind Turbine to Improve Control Performance under Various Wind Speeds”, Energies, Vol. 8, pp. 1406 -1425, 2015.
16. [17] Rupesh Borker, V A Kulkarni, “Modelling and Simulation of Wind powered Permanent Magnet Direct Current (PMDC) Motor using Matlab”, International Journal Of Science and Research (IJSR), Vol.4, Issue 4, pp. 2975 – 2979, April 2015.
17. [18] Jovitha Jerome, Virtual Instrumentation Using LabVIEW, PHI Learning Private Limited, New Delhi.
18. [19] A Mondal, S Yuvarajan, “A dSPACE-based control of a hybrid renewable energy system with wind and photovoltaic power”, IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems, July 2013.
19. [20] Yan-xia Shen, Fan Li, Dinghui Wu, Ting Long Pan, Xiang-xia Liu, “dSpace based direct-driven permanent magnet synchronous wind power system modeling and simulation”, IEEE UKACC International Conference on Control, 2012.
20. [21] Siegfried Heier, Book on, “Grid Integration of Wind Enegy Conversion System”, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 1998.