Effect of Cold on Protein, Proline, Phenolic Compounds and Chlorophyll Content of Two Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Varieties

Abstract

In this study, quantitative changes of total soluble protein in leaf and stem, apoplastic protein, total phenolic compounds, proline and chlorophyll content were determined in a the cold-susceptible KM-121 (Kahramanmaraş- hot) and cold-resistant hybrid pepper Mert (Capsicum annuum L.). The plants were raised in a growth room under a controlled environment of 25 ± 2 °C and 16 h light / 8 h dark photoperiod. Then, plants exposed to 4°C cold stress for three days and control groups were kept at 25°C. Our results show that cold treatment increased accumulation of apoplastic and total soluble protein, proline, phenolic compounds in pepper seedlings, while decreased the content of chlorophyll. 

 

 

 

Key Words: Capsicum annuum, Cold Stres, Protein, Phenolic, Proline.

 

 

Keywords

• Capsicum annuum
• Cold Stres
• Protein
• Phenolic
• Proline

References

1. Boyer, J.S., “Plant productivity and environment”, Science, 218:443-448 (1982).
2. Levitt, J., “Responses of Plants to Environmental Stresses, Chilling, Freezing and High Temperature Stresses”, second ed.Academic Press, New York, Vol. 1, USA, (1980).
3. Howarth, C.J., Ougham, H.J., “Gene expression under temperature stres”, New Phytol., 125:1-26 (1993).
4. Hughes., M.A., Dunn, M.A., “The molecular biology of plant acclimation to temperature”, J. Exp. Bot, 47:291-305 (1996).
5. Hon, W.C, Griffith, M., Chong, P., Yang, D.S.C., “Extraction and isolation of antifreeze proteins from winter rye (Secale cereale L.) leaves”, Plant Physiol, 104(3):971–980 (1994).
6. Bradford, M.M., “A rapid and sensitive for the quantitation of microgram quantitites of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding”, Analytical Biochemistry, 72:248-254 (1976).
7. Kurkela, S., Franck, M., Heino, P., Long, V., Palva, E.T., “Cold induced gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana L.”, Plant Cell Rep., 7:498- 598 (1988).
8. Bates, L.S., Waldren, R.P., Teare, I.D., “Rapid determination of free proline for water stres studies”, Plant and Soil, 39:205-208 (1973).

9. Gayosa, C., Pomar, F., Merino, F., Bernal, M.A., “Oxidative metabolism and phenolic compounds in Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum infected by Phytophthora Horticultures, 102(1):1-13 (2004). Leon.”, Scienta
10. Singleton, V.L., Rossi, J.A., “Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents”. Am. J. Enol. Vitic, (16):144-158 (1965).
11. Porra, P.J., Thompson, W.A., Kriedemann, P.E., “Determination of accurate axtinction coefficients and chlorophylls a and b extracted with four different solvents: Verification of the concentration of Chlorophyll standards by atomic absorption spectroscopy”, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 975:384- 394 (1989). for assaying D.S.C.,
12. Pihakaski-Maunsbach, K,
13. Antikainen, M., Griffith, M., “Antifreeze protein accumulation in freezing- tolerant cereals”, Plant Physiol., 99:423-432 (1997).
14. Knight, C.A., Duman, J.G., “Inhibition of recrystallization of ice by insect thermal hysteresis proteins: Cryobiologyvol, 23:256-262 (1986).
15. cryoprotective role”,
16. Taylor , C.B., “ Proline and water deficit: ups and downs”, Plant Cell, 8:1221-1224 (1996).
17. Rhodes, D., Verslues, P.E., Sharp, R.E., “Role of Aminoacids in Abiotic Stress Resistance, In: Plant Aminoacids Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Sing”, BK. Marcel Dekker, Newyork, 319-356 (1999).
18. Yadegari, L.Z., Heidari, R., Carapetian, J., “The influence of cold acclimation on proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), total protein and pigments contents in soybean (Glycine max) seedlings”, Journal of Biological Sciences, 7(8):1436-1141 (2007).
19. Ait, B,E., Audran, J.C., “Response of champenoise grapevine to low temperatures: Changes of shoot and bud proline concentrations in response to low temperatures and correlations with freezing tolerance”, J. Hortic. Sci. Biotechnol., 72:577-582 (1987).
20. Joachim, H.J.R., Ndakidemi, M., Ndakidemi, P.A., “Biological, ecological and agronomic significance of plant phenolic compounds in rhizosphere of the symbiotic Biotechnology, 6(12):1358-1368 (2007). Journal of
21. Olenichenko, N.A., Ossipov, V.I., Zagoskina, N.V., “Effect of cold hardening on the phenolic complex of winter wheat leaves”, Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 53(4):495–500 (2006).
22. Kim , B.J., Kim, J.H., Kim, H.P, Heo, M.Y., “Biological screening of 100 plant extracts for cosmetic use.II- Antioxidative activity and free radical scavening activity”, J. Cosmetic Sci., 19:299-307 (1997).
23. Wise, R.R., Naylor, A.W., “The peroxidative destruction of lipids during chilling injury to photosynthesis and ultrastructure”. Plant Physio., 83:272-277 (1987).