Unified and Intelligent Grounding and Bonding Architectures for Multi-Platform Electric Vehicles Integrating Conventional and AI-Assisted Hybrid Systems Across Land, Air, and Marine Domains

Yunus Emre Ekici

doi:10.54287/gujsa.1819220

Unified and Intelligent Grounding and Bonding Architectures for Multi-Platform Electric Vehicles Integrating Conventional and AI-Assisted Hybrid Systems Across Land, Air, and Marine Domains

Abstract

Electric vehicle (EV) technologies have advanced rapidly in response to the global demand for sustainable transportation. The integration of electric propulsion systems into various platforms—such as road vehicles, buses, aircraft, ships, and marine vessels—has introduced complex challenges in safety, energy management, and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Among these, grounding and bonding systems are fundamental to ensuring operational reliability and human safety. Effective grounding not only protects against electric shock but also facilitates fault current management, reduces electromagnetic interference, and minimizes corrosion in high-voltage circuits. This study provides a comprehensive review of grounding methodologies applied in different EV platforms and the associated protective strategies used in high-voltage environments. Recent research findings, case studies, and international standards—including IEEE Std. 142, IEEE Std. 80, and IEC/IEEE 80005-1—are examined to evaluate best practices for achieving safe and EMC-compliant designs. Additionally, the study discusses HVDC fast-charging systems, ship-to-shore connections, and bonding approaches for composite structures in electric aircraft. Future directions such as intelligent insulation monitoring, adaptive grounding techniques, and standard harmonization are proposed to enhance the safety, performance, and global interoperability of next-generation electric transportation systems.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Hybrid and Electric Vehicles and Powertrains

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Yunus Emre Ekici ^*
0000-0001-7791-0473
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

January 17, 2026

Publication Date

January 17, 2026

Submission Date

November 7, 2025

Acceptance Date

January 12, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 13 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.54287/gujsa.1819220

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA24ZL73WL

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Ekici, Y. E. (2026). Unified and Intelligent Grounding and Bonding Architectures for Multi-Platform Electric Vehicles Integrating Conventional and AI-Assisted Hybrid Systems Across Land, Air, and Marine Domains. Gazi University Journal of Science Part A: Engineering and Innovation, 13(1), 33-57. https://doi.org/10.54287/gujsa.1819220

AMA

1.Ekici YE. Unified and Intelligent Grounding and Bonding Architectures for Multi-Platform Electric Vehicles Integrating Conventional and AI-Assisted Hybrid Systems Across Land, Air, and Marine Domains. GU J Sci, Part A. 2026;13(1):33-57. doi:10.54287/gujsa.1819220

Chicago

Ekici, Yunus Emre. 2026. “Unified and Intelligent Grounding and Bonding Architectures for Multi-Platform Electric Vehicles Integrating Conventional and AI-Assisted Hybrid Systems Across Land, Air, and Marine Domains”. Gazi University Journal of Science Part A: Engineering and Innovation 13 (1): 33-57. https://doi.org/10.54287/gujsa.1819220.

EndNote

Ekici YE (March 1, 2026) Unified and Intelligent Grounding and Bonding Architectures for Multi-Platform Electric Vehicles Integrating Conventional and AI-Assisted Hybrid Systems Across Land, Air, and Marine Domains. Gazi University Journal of Science Part A: Engineering and Innovation 13 1 33–57.

IEEE

[1]Y. E. Ekici, “Unified and Intelligent Grounding and Bonding Architectures for Multi-Platform Electric Vehicles Integrating Conventional and AI-Assisted Hybrid Systems Across Land, Air, and Marine Domains”, GU J Sci, Part A, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 33–57, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.54287/gujsa.1819220.

ISNAD

Ekici, Yunus Emre. “Unified and Intelligent Grounding and Bonding Architectures for Multi-Platform Electric Vehicles Integrating Conventional and AI-Assisted Hybrid Systems Across Land, Air, and Marine Domains”. Gazi University Journal of Science Part A: Engineering and Innovation 13/1 (March 1, 2026): 33-57. https://doi.org/10.54287/gujsa.1819220.

JAMA

1.Ekici YE. Unified and Intelligent Grounding and Bonding Architectures for Multi-Platform Electric Vehicles Integrating Conventional and AI-Assisted Hybrid Systems Across Land, Air, and Marine Domains. GU J Sci, Part A. 2026;13:33–57.

MLA

Ekici, Yunus Emre. “Unified and Intelligent Grounding and Bonding Architectures for Multi-Platform Electric Vehicles Integrating Conventional and AI-Assisted Hybrid Systems Across Land, Air, and Marine Domains”. Gazi University Journal of Science Part A: Engineering and Innovation, vol. 13, no. 1, Mar. 2026, pp. 33-57, doi:10.54287/gujsa.1819220.

Vancouver

1.Yunus Emre Ekici. Unified and Intelligent Grounding and Bonding Architectures for Multi-Platform Electric Vehicles Integrating Conventional and AI-Assisted Hybrid Systems Across Land, Air, and Marine Domains. GU J Sci, Part A. 2026 Mar. 1;13(1):33-57. doi:10.54287/gujsa.1819220