Observational Results of the Normal Evacuation of Aspendos Ancient Theater After Concert Event

Öz

One of the important criteria of the safety of the structures is to ensure safe evacuation. In buildings with high occupant density, the number of factors affecting the evacuation increases. In heritage buildings such as the ancient theater, there may be different problems in evacuation, such as late egress, due to what insufficient egress etc. In this study, the results of the observational evacuation measurement of the normal evacuation after the concert of the Aspendos theater in Turkey, which is the ancient theater of the Roman Period, are presented. The evacuation time of the crowd from the building and the walking speed on the stairs were observed. Obtained results were compared with studies in literature. It is seen that the walking speed is slower than expected due to the architectural features of the theatre such as inappropriate stairs. To ensure safe evacuation in cultural heritage structures without damaging the structure, improvement suggestions can be made regarding guidance for route selection. There is not enough study exists in the literature about the evacuation of ancient theaters. Evacuation works to be carried out in these structures, which are actively used in cultural activities, are important for safe use.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Building heritage safety
• Evacuation in historical buildings
• Observational results

Kaynakça

1. [1]. Minegishi, Y., & Takeichi, N. (2018). Design guidelines for crowd evacuation in a stadium for controlling evacuee accumulation and sequencing. Japan Architectural Review, 1(4), 471-485.
2. [2]. Tavares, R.M. Evacuation Processes Versus Evacuation Models: “Quo Vadimus”?. Fire Technol 45, 419–430 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-008-0063-7
3. [3]. Kobes, M., Helsloot, I., De Vries, B., & Post, J. G. (2010). Building safety and human behaviour in fire: A literature review. Fire Safety Journal, 45(1), 1-11.
4. [4]. Carattin, E., & Brannigan, V. (2012). Controlled evacuation in historical and cultural structures: requirements, limitations, and the potential for evacuation models. In Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Human Behavior in Fire 2012 (pp. 447-459).
5. [5]. Bernardini, G., Azzolini, M., D’Orazio, M., & Quagliarini, E. (2016). Intelligent evacuation guidance systems for improving fire safety of Italian-style historical theatres without altering their architectural characteristics. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 22, 1006-1018.
6. [6]. D’Orazio, M., Bernardini, G., Tacconi, S., Arteconi, V., & Quagliarini, E. (2016). Fire safety in Italian-style historical theatres: How photoluminescent wayfinding can improve occupants’ evacuation with no architecture modifications. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 19, 492-501.
7. [7]. Turgut, C. A. Roma Dönemi Şehircilik Anlayışı. Çanakkale Araştırmaları Türk Yıllığı, 17(26), 273-302.
8. [8]. Vitruvius, P. (2005). Vitruvius: mimarlık üzerine on kitap. (Çev. Suna Güven). İstanbul: Şevki Vanlı Mimarlık Vakfı Yayınları.(s. 12-22, 102)

9. [9]. Aktüre Şıram, Z. 2005a. Yunanistan’daki antik tiyatrolarda yapı-mekân-zaman ilişkisi üzerine bir deneme. Özgenel, L (der.) Eski Çağ’ın Mekânları, Zamanları, İnsanları. ODTÜ Yüksek Lisans ve Doktora Programı, Doktora Araştırmaları Sempozyumu III. 2–3 Haziran 2003, ODTÜ Ankara. ODTÜ Mimarlık Fakültesi ve Homer: İstanbul, 168-90.
10. [10]. Kaya, M. A. (2005). Anadolu’da Roma Eyaletleri; Sınırlar ve Roma Yönetimi. Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, 24(38), 11-30.
11. [11]. Dilmen, H. (2004). “Aspendos Tiyatrosunun Mimari ve Akustik Özellikleri”, Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Tez Danışmanı: Prof.Dr. Zerhan Karabiber, İstanbul.
12. [12]. Antik Aspendos Tiyatrosu sahne binası, in SALT Araştırma. https://archives.saltresearch.org/handle/123456789/82581
13. [13]. Aspendos, in Romano Impero. https://www.romanoimpero.com/2013/05/aspendos-turchia.html?m=1
14. [14]. Pereira, G. (2007). Antik tiyatroların opera ve bale gösterileri için kullanımında sahne tasarımı problemleri ve aspendos örneği (Doctoral dissertation, DEÜ Güzel Sanatlar Enstitüsü).
15. [15]. Boz, B. (2006). Structural analysis of historic aspendos theatre (Master's thesis).
16. [16]. Fujiyama, T., & Tyler, N. (2004). An explicit study on walking speeds of pedestrians on stairs. Japan Society of Civil Engineers/Transportation Research Board, USA.