Earthquake-Oriented, Generative Artificial Intelligence and Voronoi-Assisted Design Approach

Öz

In the 21st century, earthquakes occurring in regions with high seismic risk result not only in physical destruction but also in prolonged crises at social, economic, and psychological levels. Post-disaster temporary shelter solutions often evolve into permanent uncertainties, giving rise to issues such as social exclusion, disconnection from productive life, and spatial injustice. This study is grounded in the notion that temporary living environments must be not only rapidly deployable but also adaptable, sustainable, and socially restorative. In the design approach, the nature-inspired organizational logic of Voronoi diagrams is reinterpreted beyond conventional horizontal sprawl and transformed into a modular vertical structural system. Each module is tailored to specific functions—such as housing, healthcare, education, and production—and designed as an independent unit with its own structural and technical infrastructure. By proliferating vertically, these modules allow for spatial flexibility and evolutionary development over time Developed through generative artificial intelligence-supported design processes, the proposed system is not merely a structure, but a dynamic living organism capable of reorganizing itself in response to environmental and societal needs. The project presents an innovative model for post-disaster reconstruction by addressing spatial, technological, and social dimensions in an integrated manner, thereby contributing a novel perspective to the field of disaster architecture.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Voronoi Diagrams
• Earthquake
• Modular Design
• Generative Artificial Intelligence

DEPREM ODAKLI ÜRETKEN YAPAY ZEKA VE VORONOİ DESTEKLİ TASARIM YAKLAŞIMI

Öz

21. yüzyılda sismik riskin yoğun olduğu bölgelerde yaşanan depremler, yalnızca fiziksel yıkımla sınırlı kalmamakta; sosyal, ekonomik ve psikolojik düzeyde uzun soluklu krizler yaratmaktadır. Afet sonrası geçici barınma çözümleri ise zamanla kalıcı belirsizliklere dönüşerek toplumsal dışlanma, üretimden kopma ve mekânsal adaletsizlik gibi sorunları beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu çalışma, geçici yaşam alanlarının sadece hızlı kurulabilir değil, aynı zamanda dönüşebilir, sürdürülebilir ve toplumsal olarak onarıcı kurgular olması gerektiği fikrinden yola çıkmaktadır. Tasarımda, Voronoi diyagramlarının doğadan ilham alan organizasyon mantığı, alışılmış yatay yayılma biçiminin ötesine taşınarak düşeyde modüler bir yapı sistemine dönüştürülmüştür. Her bir modül; barınma, sağlık, eğitim, üretim gibi işlevlere göre özelleştirilmiş, kendi yapısal ve teknik altyapısını taşıyan bağımsız birimler olarak tasarlanmıştır. Bu modüller düşeyde çoğalarak mekânın esnekliğini ve zaman içindeki evrimsel gelişimini mümkün kılar. Üretken yapay zekâ destekli tasarım süreçleriyle geliştirilen bu sistem, yalnızca bir yapı değil, çevresel ve toplumsal ihtiyaçlara göre kendini yeniden örgütleyebilen dinamik bir yaşam organizmasıdır. Proje, afet sonrası yeniden inşa süreçlerine mekânsal, teknolojik ve sosyal bütünlük içinde yaklaşarak afet mimarlığına yenilikçi bir model sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Voronoi Diyagramları
• Deprem
• Modüler Tasarım
• Üretken Yapay Zeka

Kaynakça

1. [1] Quarantelli, E. L. Patterns of Sheltering and Housing in US Disasters. Disaster Research Center, University of Delaware, 1995.
2. [2] Alexander, D. Principles of Emergency Planning and Management. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2002.
3. [3] World Bank. Türkiye Kahramanmaraş Earthquake Recovery and Reconstruction Assessment: Rapid Damage Assessment Report. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2023.
4. [4] United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Türkiye Earthquakes Recovery and Reconstruction Assessment (TRRA). Ankara: UNDP, 2023.
5. [5] World Bank. Türkiye Earthquake Resilient Housing Reconstruction Project: Project Appraisal Document. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2025.
6. [6] Sphere Association. The Sphere Handbook: Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response, 4th ed. Geneva, Switzerland, 2018.
7. [7] Johnson, C. Impacts of prefabricated temporary housing after disasters: 1999 earthquakes in Turkey. Habitat International, 31(1): 36–52, 2007.
8. [8] Kelman, I. Disaster by Choice: How Our Actions Turn Natural Hazards into Catastrophes. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2020.

9. [9] Davidson, C. H., Johnson, C., Lizarralde, G., Dikmen, N., & Sliwinski, A. Truths and Myths about Community Participation in Post-Disaster Housing. Habitat International, 31(1): 100–115, 2007.
10. [10] Xue, Y., et al. Sustainable Temporary Housing and Reuse Strategies: A Systematic Review. Sustainability, 17(5): 2101, 2025.
11. [11] Li, Z., et al. A Parametric Model for Post-Disaster Temporary Housing with Transformative Pathways. Sustainability, 17(2): 655, 2025.
12. [12] Kamali, M., & Hewage, K. Modular Housing: Barriers, Drivers, and Future Directions. Journal of Construction and Design Engineering, 31(4): 1–20, 2022.
13. [13] Oxman, R. Theory and Design in the First Digital Age. Design Studies, 27(3): 229–265, 2006.
14. [14] Burry, M. Scripting Cultures: Architectural Design and Programming. Wiley, Chichester, 2011.
15. [15] Hijazi, S., Alhadithi, M., & Fathi, M. Artificial Intelligence in Generative Design: A Systematic Review of Architectural Applications. Automation in Construction, 148: 104748, 2023.
16. [16] Hijazi, S., Alhadithi, M., & Fathi, M. Generative Artificial Intelligence in Architectural Design: A Systematic Review. Automation in Construction, 157: 105423, 2025.
17. [17] Chen, Y., et al. Artificial Intelligence in Architecture: Applications, Ethics, and Future Directions. Applied Sciences, 15(3): 1125, 2025.
18. [18] Okabe, A., Boots, B., Sugihara, K., & Chiu, S. N. Spatial Tessellations: Concepts and Applications of Voronoi Diagrams. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 2000.
19. [19] Frazer, J. An Evolutionary Architecture. Architectural Association, London, 1995. [20] Zhang, H., & Liu, P. Stress-Responsive Spatial Voronoi Optimization for Lightweight Structural Systems. Buildings, 15(7): 1789, 2025.
20. [21] Sun, Q., & Zhao, Y. Propositional Frameworks for 3D Voronoi Structures. RSC Mechanisms, 10(2): 223–240, 2024.
21. [22] Gomes, R., Chen, S., & Teuffel, P. Human-AI Co-Creation in Architectural Design Processes: Opportunities and Challenges. In: CAAD Futures 2022: Intelligent & Informed. Springer, Cham, 493–508, 2022.
22. [23] Woodbury, R. Elements of Parametric Design. Routledge, London, 2010.
23. [24] Bellelli, F. S. The Fascinating World of Voronoi Diagrams. https://fbellelli.com/posts/2021-07-08-the-fascinating-world-of-voronoi-diagrams/, 2021. Last Accessed: 03.09.2025
24. [25] Rahman, A., et al. Functional Recovery in the Built Environment: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 99: 104112, 2023.
25. [26] Demir, S., & Yılmaz, O. Scaling Post-Disaster Housing in Turkey: Lessons from TOKİ Projects. Habitat International, 145: 102902, 2025.
26. [27] Cabral, R., & Moura, D. Post-Disaster Architecture: From Shelter to Recovery. Urban Futures Journal, 2(1): 77–96, 2022.
27. [28] Kolarevic, B., & Malkawi, A. Performative Architecture: Beyond Instrumentality. Spon Press, London, 2005.
28. [29] Wang, J., et al. Voronoi Lattice Structures with Enhanced Energy Absorption. Computational Materials Science, 230: 112013, 2025.
29. [30] Rossi, F., et al. Additive Manufacturing of Voronoi Micro-Architectures for Structural Optimization. Journal of Biomedical Additive Manufacturing, 9(1): 77–95, 2025.
30. [31] Biggs, M., & Büchler, D. Rigour and Practice-Based Research. Design Issues, 23(3): 62–69, 2007.
31. [32] Guerin, D. A., & Martin, C. S. The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence in Architecture: Decision Making and Responsibility. Design and Culture, 12(1): 42–58, 2020.
32. [33] Van der Zee, A. From Representation to Reasoning: Architectural Design Strategies in the Age of AI. Architectural Design, 91(2): 44–51, 2021.