Material Conservation in Adaptive Reuse: Its Role and Relationship to Sustainability

Öz

Adaptive reuse is increasingly becoming a mainstream approach in architecture as a way to preserve cultural heritage, reduce carbon emissions, minimize material use, and promote sustainability in multiple ways. Within adaptive reuse, material conservation is an important but less-explored aspect that supports sustainability. This work examines the relationship between adaptive reuse and material preservation, emphasizing how maintaining original building materials benefits heritage continuity and sustainability. By reviewing published literature and analyzing various local and international case studies, the study considers the strategies, strengths, and challenges of material preservation in adaptive reuse projects. It highlights the substantial environmental benefits of resource efficiency, waste reduction, and energy savings embedded in materials. Furthermore, the research explores the ecological, economic, and cultural impacts of material conservation strategies on the long-term sustainability of adaptive reuse efforts. The paper underscores the essential role of material conservation as a strategic approach in adaptive reuse, aiming to enhance understanding and reinforce the importance of preserving original materials.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Adaptive Reuse
• Material Conservation
• Sustainability
• Waste Reduction
• Resource Efficiency

Uyarlamalı Yeniden Kullanımda Malzeme Koruma: Sürdürülebilirlikle Rolü ve İlişkisi

Öz

Uyarlamalı yeniden kullanım, kültürel mirası korumak, karbon emisyonlarını azaltmak, malzeme kullanımını en aza indirmek ve çok yönlü bir şekilde sürdürülebilirliği teşvik etmek amacıyla mimarlıkta giderek ana akım bir yaklaşım haline gelmektedir. Uyarlamalı yeniden kullanım kapsamında, malzeme koruma, sürdürülebilirliği destekleyen ancak daha az araştırılmış önemli bir yön olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışma, uyarlamalı yeniden kullanım ile malzeme korunumu arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyerek, orijinal yapı malzemelerinin korunmasının miras sürekliliğine ve sürdürülebilirliğe nasıl katkı sağladığını vurgulamaktadır. Yayınlanmış literatürün incelenmesi ve çeşitli yerel ve uluslararası örnek olayların analiz edilmesi yoluyla, çalışma uyarlamalı yeniden kullanım projelerinde malzeme korunumu stratejilerini, güçlü yönlerini ve zorluklarını ele almaktadır. Ayrıca, çalışmada kaynak verimliliği, atık azaltımı ve malzemelere gömülü enerji tasarrufunun sağladığı önemli çevresel faydalar ortaya konulmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, araştırma malzeme koruma stratejilerinin uyarlamalı yeniden kullanım çabalarının uzun vadeli sürdürülebilirliği üzerindeki ekolojik, ekonomik ve kültürel etkilerini incelemektedir. Makale, uyarlamalı yeniden kullanımda stratejik bir yaklaşım olarak malzeme korumanın temel rolünü vurgulayarak, orijinal malzemelerin korunmasının önemini pekiştirmeyi ve bu konudaki anlayışı geliştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Uyarlanabilir Yeniden Kullanım
• Malzeme Koruma
• Sürdürülebilirlik
• Atık Azaltma
• Kaynak Verimliliği

Kaynakça

1. [1] Douglas, J. (2006). Building adaptation (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann.
2. [2] Bullen, P. A., & Love, P. E. D. (2011). Adaptive reuse of heritage buildings. Structural Survey, 29(5), 411–421. https://doi.org/10.1108/02630801111182439
3. [3] Langston, C., Wong, F. K. W., Hui, E. C. M., & Shen, L. Y. (2008). Strategic assessment of building adaptive reuse opportunities in Hong Kong. Building and Environment, 43(10), 1709–1718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2007.10.017
4. [4] Gorgolewski, M. (2008). Designing with reused building components: Some challenges. Building Research & Information, 36(2), 175–188. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613210701559499
5. [5] Powter, A., & Ross, S. (2005). Integrating environmental and cultural sustainability for heritage properties. APT Bulletin, 36(4), 5–11.
6. [6] Velthuis, K., & Spennemann, D. H. R. (2007). The future of defunct religious buildings: Dutch approaches to their adaptive re-use. Cultural Trends, 16(1), 43–66.
7. [7] Plevoets, B., & Van Cleempoel, K. (2011). Adaptive reuse as a strategy towards conservation of cultural heritage: A literature review. WIT Transactions on the Built Environment, 118, 155–164. https://doi.org/10.2495/STR110131
8. [8] Mohamed, R., Boyle, R., Yang, A. Y., & Tangari, J. (2017). Adaptive reuse: A review and analysis of its relationship to the 3 Es of sustainability. Facilities, 35(3/4), 138–154. https://doi.org/10.1108/F-12-2014-0108

9. [9] Abdulameer, Z. A., & Abbas, S. S. (2020). Adaptive reuse as an approach to sustainability. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 881, 012010. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012010
10. [10] Wei, Q., Utaberta, N., & Zainordin, N. (2024). Adaptive reuse of industrial heritage sites for sustainable urban development. Journal of Ecohumanism, 3(8), 12329–12347. https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v3i8.5839
11. [11] Yoon, J., & Lee, J. (2019). Adaptive reuse of apartments as heritage assets in the Seoul Station urban regeneration area. Sustainability, 11(11), 3124. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11113124
12. [12] Guidetti, E., & Ferrara, M. (2022). Embodied energy in existing buildings as a tool for sustainable intervention on urban heritage. Sustainable Cities and Society, 88, 104284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.104284
13. [13] Conejos, S., Langston, C., & Smith, J. (2012). Designing for Future Building: Adaptive Reuse as a Strategy for Carbon Neutral Cities. The International Journal of Climate Change: Impacts and Responses, 3(2), 33–52. https://doi.org/10.18848/1835-7156/CGP/v03i02/37103
14. [14] Yung, H. K. E., & Chan, H. W. E. (2012). Critical social sustainability factors in urban conservation: The case of the central police station compound in Hong Kong. Facilities, 30(9/10), 396–416. https://doi.org/10.1108/02632771211235224
15. [15] Shipley, R., Utz, S., & Parsons, M. (2006). Does adaptive reuse pay? A study of the business of building renovation in Ontario, Canada. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 12(6), 505–520. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527250600940181
16. [16] Bullen, P. A., & Love, P. E. D. (2010). The rhetoric of adaptive reuse or reality of demolition: Views from the field. Cities, 27(4), 215–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2009.12.005
17. [17] Conejos, S., Langston, C., & Chan, E. H. W. (2016). Governance of heritage buildings: Australian regulatory barriers to adaptive reuse. Building Research & Information, 44(5–6), 507–519. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2016.1156951
18. [18] Bozdoğan, S. (2001). Modernism and nation building: Turkish architectural culture in the early Republic. University of Washington Press.
19. [19] SALT. SALT Galata. https://saltonline.org/tr/42/salt-galata
20. [20] URL-1. SALT Araştırma. (2017, February 19). SALT Galata – Görsel arşiv. https://www.saltresearch.org Last Accessed: 07.08.2025
21. [21] URL-2. DS Architecture Studio. (n.d.). Former Ottoman Bank – SALT Galata. https://www.dsla.studio/work/former-ottoman-bank-salt-galata/ Last Accessed: 07.08.2025
22. [22] ICOMOS. (1964). The Venice Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites. https://www.icomos.org/charters/venice_e.pdf
23. [23] Akkar Ercan, M. (2011). Challenges and conflicts in achieving sustainable communities in historic neighbourhoods of Istanbul. Habitat International, 35(2), 295–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2010.10.001
24. [24] URL 3. Dinç, E. B. (2012). Melez Mekânsallaşmanın Dışavurumu: Salt Beyoğlu ve Salt Galata Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi. https://polen.itu.edu.tr/items/8ae7c3d4 c5ba 468e 9b90 a0b95bf8adf8 Last Accessed: 08.08.2025
25. [25] Kaymakçı, S. (2022). Tarihi yapıların müze olarak işlevlendirilmesinin İstanbul’dan örneklerle incelenmesi. Mimarlık ve Yaşam Dergisi / Journal of Architecture and Life, 7(2), 647-667. https://doi.org/10.26835/my.1130594
26. [26] URL 4. Arkitera Mimarlık Merkezi. (2016). Salt Galata. https://www.arkitera.com/proje/salt-galata/ Last Accessed: 08.08.2025
27. [27] Kara, E. N., & İşleyen, E. (2018). Bir kültür yapısı olarak Salt Galata’nın çağdaş restorasyon kuramı açısından değerlendirilmesi. Uluslararası Disiplinlerarası ve Kültürlerarası Sanat, 3(5). https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ijiia/issue/43126/522708
28. [28] Uygur Architects. (n.d.). CER Modern Arts Center. Rethinking The Future. https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/public-building/5067-cer-modern-arts-center-by-uygur-architects/
29. [29] URL-5. Uygur Architects. Cer Modern Arts Centre. Photos by Cemal Emden. Published on July 21, 2020. Divisare. https://divisare.com/projects/428094-uygur-architects-cemal-emden-cer-modern-arts-centre
30. [30] ICOMOS Australia. (1999). The Burra Charter: The Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Significance. https://australia.icomos.org/publications/charters/
31. [31] Torunbalcı, N., & Günay, H. (2022). Adaptive reuse of Ankara CerModern Art Gallery: Evaluation of structural system. Gazi University Journal of Science Part B: Art, Humanities, Design and Planning, 10(4), 335–345. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2656399
32. [32] URL-6. Herzog & de Meuron. Information, (2000). 36(2), Tate Modern 175–188. project. https://www.herzogdemeuron.com/projects/263-the-tate-modern-project/
33. [33] URL-7. Herzog & de Meuron. (2000). Tate Modern Architectural image. ArchDaily. AD Classics: The Tate Modern / Herzog & de Meuron. https://www.archdaily.com/429700/ad-classics-the-tate-modern-herzog-and-de-meuron
34. [34] Glancey, J. (2000, May 5). The making of Tate Modern. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com
35. [35] Mechtler, R., & Pichler, D. (2000). Revitalisation of four Gasometers in Vienna, Austria. Structural Engineering International, 10(2), 87–90. https://doi.org/10.2749/101686600780557839
36. [36] URL-8. Atlas Obscura. Gasometer City in Vienna. https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/gasometer-town
37. [37] Wehndorn, M. (2002). Viyana’daki Gazometre binalarının yeniden kullanımı (Adaptive Reuse of the Buildings of Vienna Gasometers). Mimarlık, (308), 49–51.
38. [38] URL-9. Coop Himmelb(l)au. (n.d.). Apartment building Gasometer B, Vienna. https://coop himmelblau.at/projects/apartment-building-gasometer-b/
39. [39] Gürcanlı, G. E., Hartmann, T., Nurkaliyev, M., & Özgür, M. (2024). Industrial heritage restoration/renovation projects and their societal impacts: Case of Gasholder Restoration Projects. Societal Impacts, 3, 100062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socimp.2024.100062
40. [40] URL-10. WikiArquitectura. (n.d.). Gasometer https://en.wikiarquitectura.com/building/gasometer/
41. [41] Powell, K. (1999). Architecture reborn: Converting old buildings for new uses. Laurence King.
42. [42] Çillioğlu Karademir, A., & Dağ, A. (2021). Sürdürülebilirlik uygulaması olarak yeşil bina ve LEED sertifikasyonu üzerine Türkiye inşaat sektöründe bir çalışma. Akademia Doğa ve İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1), 63-83. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1809214
43. [43] Rodwell, D. (2007). Conservation and sustainability in historic cities. Blackwell.
44. [44] Pendlebury, J., Townshend, T., & Gilroy, R. (2010). The conservation of English cultural built heritage: A force for social inclusion? International Journal of Heritage Studies, 9(1), 11-31. https://doi.org/10.1080/1352725032000194222