Eğitim Binalarında İç Hava Ortamı Sorunları ve Kalite Kriterleri

Öz

Bu çalışma, eğitim binalarındaki iç hava kalitesinin kullanıcı sağlığı, konforu ve bilişsel performansı üzerindeki etkilerini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Literatürde giderek artan sayıda çalışma, iç hava kirleticilerinin (CO₂, PM₂.₅, VOC vb.) insan sağlığı üzerindeki kısa ve uzun vadeli olumsuz etkilerini ortaya koymakta ve öğrenciler gibi hassas grupların bu etkilerden daha yoğun bir şekilde etkilendiğini göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda, çalışma ilk olarak değerlendirme kriterlerini belirlemek için ulusal ve uluslararası standartları (WHO, ASHRAE, ISO 7730) ve iç mekan hava kalitesiyle ilgili sınır değerleri incelemektedir. Ardından, eğitim binalarında yürütülen güncel çalışmalar sistematik bir literatür taraması yoluyla incelenmiş; kullanılan yöntemler, ölçüm parametreleri ve elde edilen bulgular karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Doğal ve mekanik havalandırma sistemlerinin etkinliği, binanın morfolojik özellikleri ve kullanıcı davranışının iç hava kalitesi üzerindeki belirleyici rolü özellikle vurgulanmıştır. Çalışma, iç hava kalitesinin sadece çevresel bir konfor faktörü değil, aynı zamanda eğitim performansı ve genel sağlık için kritik bir belirleyici faktör olduğu sonucuna varmıştır. Bulgular, eğitim binalarında sürdürülebilir, sağlıklı ve kullanıcı odaklı iç ortam koşullarını sağlamak için disiplinler arası bir yaklaşımın gerekliliğini vurgulamakta ve gelecekteki araştırmalar için teorik bir temel sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İç Mekan Hava Kalitesi
• Eğitim Binaları
• Termal Konfor
• Kullanıcı Sağlığı

Indoor Air Environment Problems and Quality Criteria in Educational Buildings

Öz

This study aims to examine the effects of indoor air quality in educational buildings on user health, comfort, and cognitive performance. An increasing number of studies in the literature reveal the short- and long-term adverse effects of indoor air pollutants (CO₂, PM₂.₅, VOC, etc.) on human health, showing that sensitive groups, such as students, are more intensely affected by these effects. In this context, the study first examines national and international standards (WHO, ASHRAE, ISO 7730) and limit values related to indoor air quality to establish evaluation criteria. Subsequently, current studies conducted in educational buildings were examined through a systematic literature review; the methods used, measurement parameters, and findings obtained were analyzed comparatively. The effectiveness of natural and mechanical ventilation systems, the morphological characteristics of the building, and the decisive role of user behavior on indoor air quality were particularly emphasized. This study, based on the current scientific literature, presents a conceptual framework regarding the role of indoor air quality in educational buildings, emphasizing the necessity of an interdisciplinary approach to ensure sustainable, healthy, and user-centered indoor environmental conditions, and establishes a reference point for future theoretical and empirical research.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Indoor Air Quality
• Educational Buildings
• Thermal Comfort
• User Health

Kaynakça

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