GELİŞEN ŞEHİRLERDE YÖNETİŞİM ZORLUKLARI VE MİKRO HAREKETLİLİĞİN POLİTİKA ENTEGRASYONU: ​​TÜRKİYE'DEN KANITLAR

Öz

Mikromobilite sistemlerinin hızlı yayılımı, sürdürülebilir kentsel mobilite için yeni fırsatlar sunarken aynı zamanda karmaşık yönetim zorlukları da yaratmıştır. Mevcut çalışmalar öncelikle kullanıcı davranışı, güvenlik ve çevresel etkilere odaklanmış olsa da, özellikle gelişmekte olan ekonomilerde yönetimle ilgili boyutlar nispeten az araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'deki mikromobilite sistemlerinin yönetim yapısını incelemekte ve kentsel ulaşım ağlarına sürdürülebilir entegrasyonlarını etkileyen kurumsal ve düzenleyici zorlukları belirlemektedir. Araştırma, ulusal mevzuat, belediye düzenlemeleri, uluslararası politika çerçeveleri ve akademik literatürün belge analizine dayalı nitel bir karşılaştırmalı yönetim yaklaşımı benimsemektedir. Analitik çerçeve, düzenleyici düzenlemeleri, kurumsal kapasiteleri ve politika entegrasyon mekanizmalarını değerlendirmek için yönetim teorisi, sürdürülebilir mobilite yönetimi ve sosyo-teknik geçiş perspektiflerini entegre etmektedir. Bulgular, Türkiye'deki mikromobilite yönetiminin düzenleyici parçalanma, sınırlı yerel yönetim kapasitesi, yetersiz veri yönetimi mekanizmaları ve daha geniş ulaşım planlama süreçleriyle zayıf entegrasyon ile karakterize olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Avrupa Birliği yönetim modelleriyle karşılaştırıldığında, Türk düzenleyici uygulamaları büyük ölçüde reaktif ve kurumsal olarak parçalanmış durumdadır. Analiz ayrıca, etkili mikromobilite entegrasyonunun hükümet aktörleri arasında daha güçlü koordinasyon, standartlaştırılmış veri paylaşım mekanizmaları, çok modlu ulaşım planlaması ve performans odaklı düzenleyici çerçeveler gerektirdiğini göstermektedir. Bu zorlukların üstesinden gelmek için çalışma, ulusal stratejik koordinasyonu, belediye veri yönetimi standartlarını, çok modlu entegrasyonu, güvenlik düzenlemelerini ve uyarlanabilir lisanslama mekanizmalarını vurgulayan entegre bir yönetim çerçevesi önermektedir. Önerilen çerçeve, mikromobilite yönetimi üzerine giderek artan literatüre katkıda bulunmakta ve sürdürülebilir kentsel mobilite geçişlerini desteklemek isteyen gelişmekte olan şehirler için politika önerileri sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mikromobilite
• Yönetişim
• Sürdürülebilir Kentsel Mobilite
• Politika Entegrasyonu
• Kentsel Ulaşım

Governance Challenges and Policy Integration of Micromobility in Emerging Cities: Evidence from Türkiye

Öz

The rapid expansion of micromobility systems has created new opportunities for sustainable urban mobility while also generating complex governance challenges. Although existing research has largely focused on user behaviour, safety, and environmental impacts, governance-related dimensions remain comparatively underexamined, particularly in emerging economies. This study examines the current regulatory and institutional framework of micromobility governance in Türkiye. It adopts a comparative governance analysis based on document analysis of national legislation, municipal regulations, international policy frameworks, and the academic literature. The analytical framework is grounded in Governance Theory and Policy Integration Theory and evaluates regulatory governance, institutional coordination, data governance, infrastructure integration, and policy integration. The findings indicate that the current regulatory framework for micromobility in Türkiye primarily focuses on operational and legal requirements, while governance components such as institutional coordination, data governance, infrastructure integration, and policy integration are addressed to a more limited extent. Compared with European Union policy frameworks, Turkish regulations place greater emphasis on operational regulation than on integrated governance mechanisms. The analysis further suggests that strengthening institutional coordination, standardising data-governance practices, enhancing multimodal transport integration, and adopting performance-oriented regulatory approaches could support more comprehensive micromobility governance. To address these challenges, the study proposes an integrated governance framework emphasising national strategic coordination, municipal data-governance standards, multimodal integration, safety regulation, and adaptive licensing mechanisms. The proposed framework contributes to the growing literature on micromobility governance and provides a comparative analytical framework that may support policy evaluation in similar institutional and regulatory contexts.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Micromobility
• Sustainable Urban Mobility
• Governance
• Policy Integration
• Urban Transportation

Kaynakça

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