FROM EVOLUTION IOT TO REVOLUTION OF DESIGN PROFESSION

Öz

The main purpose of the study is to determine how transforming power of IOT may affect the unique system of knowledge of the industrial design field in terms of legitimacy, practice, and education. The investigation is based on the larger question of whether IOT functions as transducer on jurisdictional boundaries of field and how the new tasks and work activities of industrial design field may response in general. Answering these questions will bring community closer to understanding of the need of a different designer formulation, a possible sub-field within the design discipline and ways of how future practitioners and to strengthen their career lifespan.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Expertise,Industrial Design,IOT,Jurisdictional Boundaries,Smart Product

Kaynakça

1. [1] Abbott, A. The System of Professions, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, (1988).
2. [2] Porter, M. E., & Heppelmann, J. E.,“How smart, connected products are transforming competition”, Harvard Business Review, 92(11): 64-88, (2014).
3. [3] Nelson, S. A., & Metaxatos, P., “The internet of things needs design, not just technology”, Harvard Business Review, Retrieved January 15, 2017, from https://hbr.org/2016/04/the-internet-of-things-needs-design-not-just-technology., (2016).
4. [4] Gutiérrez C., Garbajosa, J., Diaz, J., & Yagüe, A., Providing A Consensus Definition for The Term "Smart Product, In J.W. Rozenblit (ed.), 2013 20th IEEE International Conference and Workshops on Engineering of Computer Based Systems (ECBS), (pp. 203-211), IEEE Computer Society, CA, (2013).
5. [5] Mühlhäuser, M., Smart Products: An Introduction, In A. Braun, R. Wichert & A. Maña (Eds.), European Conference on Ambient Intelligence, (pp. 158-164), Heidelberg, Berlin, (2007).
6. [6] Ventä, O. Intelligent Products and Systems: Technology Theme-Final Report, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, (2007).
7. [7] Rijsdijk, S. A., & Hultink, E. J., ““Honey, have you seen our hamster?” Consumer evaluations of autonomous domestic products”, Journal of Product Innovation Management, 20(3), 204-216, (2003).
8. [8] Rijsdijk, S. A., & Hultink, E. J., “How today's consumers perceive tomorrow's smart products”, Journal of Product Innovation Management, 26(1): 24-42, (2009).

9. [9] Han, S. H., Yun, M. H., Kwahk, J., & Hong, S. W., “Usability of consumer electronic products”, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 28(3): 143-151, (2001).
10. [10] Schroeder, R., “Being there together and the future of connected presence”, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 15(4):438-454, (2006).
11. [11] Fitzgerald, L., Interprofessional Interactions and Their Impact On Professional Boundaries. In E. Ferlie, K. Montgomery, & A.R. Pedersen (eds.), The Oxford handbook of health care management, (pp:188-209), Oxford University Press, Oxford, (2016).
12. [12] Mclaughlin, J., & Webster, A., “Rationalising knowledge: IT systems, professional identities and power”, The Sociological Review, 46(4): 781-802, (1998).
13. [13] Greenwood, E., “Attributes of a profession”, Social Work, 2: 45-55, (1957).
14. [14] Spencer, H., The Principles of Sociology, The D. Appleton and Company, New York, (1898).
15. [15] Gross, E., Work and society, Crowell, New York, (1958).
16. [16] DiMaggio, P., “[Review of the book The system of professions, by A. Abbott]”, American Journal of Sociology 95(2):534–535, (1989).
17. [17] Industrial Design Institute, Industrial Design Body of Knowledge (IDBOK™ Guide), Industrial Design Institute. Philadelphia, (2014). [18] Awad, E. M., Ghaziri, H. M., Knowledge Management, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd., Delhi, (2007).
18. [19] Love, T., “Constructing a coherent cross-disciplinary body of theory about designing and designs: some philosophical issues”, Design Studies, 23(3): 345-361, (2002).
19. [20] Popovic, V., “Expertise development in product design—strategic and domain-specific knowledge connections”, Design Studies, 25(5):527-545, (2004). [21] Castells, M., The Rise of the Network Society, Blackwell Publishing, Sussex, (2010).
20. [22] Downes, S., An Introduction to Connective Knowledge, In T. Hug (ed.), Media, Knowledge & Education - Exploring New Spaces, Relations and Dynamics in Digital Media Ecologies, (pp. 77-102), Innsbruck University Press, Innsbruck, (2008).
21. [23] Siemens, G., “Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age”, International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning, 2(1) Retrieved January 15, 2017, from http://www.itdl.org/ Journal/Jan_05/article01.htm, (2005).
22. [24] McLuhan, M. & Lapham, L. H., Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man, MIT Press, Massachusetts, (1994).
23. [25] Jackson, M. C., Systems Thinking: Creative Holism for Managers, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Sussex, (2003).
24. [26] Senge, P., The Fifth Discipline, Doubleday, New York, (2006).
25. [27] Valencia, A., Mugge, A.M., Schoormans, J.P.L & Schifferstein, N.J., Challenges in The Design of Smart Product-Service Systems (Psss): Experiences from Practitioners, In E. Bohemia, A. Rieple, J. Liedtka & R. Cooper (eds.), The 19th DMI: Academic Design Management Conference "Design Management in an Era of Disruption, (pp.2075-2094), Design Management Institute, Boston, (2014).
26. [28] Buurman, R. D., “User-centred design of smart products”, Ergonomics, 40(10):1159-1169, (1997).
27. [29] Cross, N., & Cross, A. C., “Observations of teamwork and social processes in design”, Design Studies, 16(2): 143-170, (1995).
28. [30] Morelli, N., “Designing product/service systems: A methodological exploration”, Design Issues, 18(3): 3-17, (2002).
29. [31] Valencia, A., Mugge, R., Schoormans, J. P., & Schifferstein, H. N., “The design of smart product-service systems (PSSS): An exploration of design characteristics”, International Journal of Design, 9(1):13-28, (2015).
30. [32] Norman, D. A., “Why design education must change”, http://www.core77.com/blog/columns/why_design_education_must_change_17993.asp, (Access Date: June 26, 2017), (2010).
31. [33] Jansen, A. J., & Flipsen, B. F. J., Teaching Mechatronics in Industrial Design Engineering, In D. Marjanovic (ed.), DS 32: Proceedings of DESIGN 2004, the 8th International Design Conference, (pp.639-644), University of Zagreb, Dubrovnik, (2004).
32. [34] Gupta, S.K., Kumar, S., & Tewari, L., “A design-oriented undergraduate curriculum in mechatronics education”, Int. J. Engng. Ed., 19(4): 563-568, (2003).
33. [35] Hatano, G. & Inagaki, K., Two Courses of Expertise, In H. Stevenson, H. Azuma, & K. Hakuta (eds), Child development and education in Japan, (pp. 262-272), Freeman, New York, (1986).
34. [36] Hatano, G., & Oura, Y., “Commentary: Reconceptualizing school learning using insight from expertise research”, Educational researcher, 32(8):26-29, (2003).
35. [37] Schwartz, D. L., Bransford, J. D. & Sears, D., Efficiency and Innovation in Transfer, In J. Mestre (ed.), Transfer of Learning from a Modern Multidisciplinary Perspective, (pp. 1-51), Information Age Publishing, NC, (2005)
36. [38] Amit, G., “It’s time for industrial design to grow up.” from https://www.fastcodesign.com/3039934/its-time-for-industrial-design-to-grow-up, (Access Date: December 26, 2014).
37. [39] Dogan, M., Marginality, In M. A. Runco & S. R. Pritzker (eds.), Encyclopedia of creativity, (pp. 179-183), Academic Press, California. (1999).
38. [40] Deleuze, G. and Guattari, F., Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, (1972).
39. [41] Delanda, M., Intensive Science and Virtual Philosophy, Continuum, London, (2002).
40. [42] Deleuze, G. and Guattari, F., A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia, Continuum, London, (1987).
41. [43] Dogan, M. and Pahre R., Creative Marginality: Innovation at The Intersections of Social Sciences, Westview Press, Boulder, (1990).
42. [44] Rothman, J., Rothman, R. L., & Schwoebel, M. H., “Creative marginality: Exploring the links between conflict resolution and social work”, Peace and Conflict Studies, 8(1): 63-82, (2001).
43. [45] Schwab, K., The Fourth Industrial Revolution, World Economic Forum, Geneva, (2016).
44. [46] Brynjolfsson, E., McAfee, A., The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, And Prosperity in A Time of Brilliant Technologies, W.W. Norton & Company Inc., New York, (2014).