LEED CERTIFIED OFFICE BUILDINGS’ POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATIONS OF ENERGY PERFORMANCE VALUES

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 239 - 255, 28.06.2019

Leyla Senem Görgülü , İdil Ayçam

Öz

The
green buildings increased in the 2000s are about designing and operating
structures in the light of sustainable principles. Although the certification
systems encourage the development of the green building industry, certificated
buildings’ expected performance difference in the occupancy leads to some
problems. In order to identify the problems affecting the energy performance of
buildings, six green LEED-NC certified office buildings in America were
examined and benchmarked. In this research, sampling analysis method was used.
Consequently, obtained data from both the demands for reduction of energy use
and the increased demand for comfort in buildings were analyzed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sustainability, Green Office Building, Energy Efficiency

Kaynakça

• REFERENCES
• [1] Baylon, D., Storm, P., “Comparison of commercial LEED buildings and non-LEED buildings within the 2002-2004 Pacific Northwest commercial building stock, in: ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency of Buildings”, American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (Washington DC, USA), 1-12, (2008).[2] Bolin, R., “Case Study EPA Region 8 Headquarters”, High Performing Buildings Journal, 60-68, (2011). URL: http://www.hpbmagazine.org/attachments/article/12019/11W-EPA-Region-8-Headquarters-Denver-CO.pdf, 10 March (2019). [3] Ciravoğlu, A., “Sustainable Architecture: Architecture between Outmoded Understandings and Contemporary Discourses”, İstanbul: TMMOB Publication, 15, (2008).[4] Famuyibo, A.A., Duffy, A., Strachan, P., “Achieving a holistic view of the life cycle performance of existing dwellings”, Building and Environment, 70: 90–101, (2013). Doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.08.016 [5] Fowler, K., Rauch, E., Henderson, J., Kora, A., “Re-assessing green building performance: A post occupancy evaluation of 22 GSA buildings”, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory: Richland, WA, USA, (2011).[6] Fowler, K. M., Rauch, E. M., “Assessing green building performance: a post-occupancy evaluation of 12 GSA buildings”, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, (2008). Report Number: PNNL-17393[7] Green Building Council of Australia (GBCA), “The Value of Green Star: a Decade of Environmental Benefits”, Green Building Council of Australia, Sydney, 2012. URL: http://www.gbcsa.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/GBCA-Evolution-2012-18-June-2012.pdf, 10 March (2019).[8] Meir, I. A., Garb, Y., Jiao, D., Cicelsky, A., “Post- Occupancy Evaluation: An Inevitable Step Toward Sustainability”, Advances In Building Energy Research, 3: 190-213, 2009. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3763/aber.2009.0307 [9] Newsham, G.R., Mancini, S., Birt, B.J., “Do LEED-certified buildings save energy? Yes, but…”, Energy and Buildings, 41(8): 897–905, (2009). Doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2009.03.014 [10] Nicol, J. F. and Humphreys, M. A., “Adaptive thermal comfort and sustainable thermal standards for buildings”, Energy and Buildings, 34 (6): 563–572, (2002). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(02)00006-3 [11] Öztürk, Z., Arayıcı, Y., Coates, P., “Post occupancy evaluation (POE) in residential buildings utilizing BIM and sensing devices: Salford energy house example”, Retrofit, The Lowry, Salford Quays, Greater Manchester, 4, (2012).[12] Pati, D., Augenbroe, G., “Modeling relative influence of environmental and sociocultural factors on context-specific functions”, International Journal of Physical Sciences, 1 (3): 154–162, (2006).[13] Pérez-Lombard, L., Ortiz, J., Pout, C., “A review on buildings energy consumption information”, Energy and Buildings, 40 (3): 394–398, (2008). Doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2007.03.007 [14] Preiser, W. F. E., Vischer, J., “Assessing Building Performance”, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, (2005).[15] Roaf, S., “Cave Canem: Will the EU Building Directive bite?”, in Proceedings of SBSE Conference Closing The Loop: Post Occupancy Evaluation: The Next Steps, Windsor, UK, Society of Building Science Educators, 29 April–2 May, CD-Rom, (2004).[16] Shi, Q., Yan, Y., Zuo, J., Yu, T., “Objective conflicts in green buildings projects: A critical analysis”, Building and Environment, 96: 107-117, (2016). Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.11.016 [17] Torcellini, P.A., Deru, M., Griffith, B., Long, N., Pless, S., Judkoff, R., “Lessons learned from the field evaluation of six high-performance buildings”, ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency of Buildings, American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, Washington DC, USA, 325-337, (2004). Report Number: NREL/CP-550-36290 URL: http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/36290.pdf, 10 March (2019).[18] URL: https://tr.climate-data.org/location/385/ , 11 March (2019).[19] URL: https://tr.climate-data.org/location/1515/, 11 March (2019).[20] URL: https://www.gsa.gov/portal/content/103184, 11 March (2019).[21] URL: http://www.archdaily.com/119458/epa-region-8-headquarters-zgf-architects, 11 March (2019).[22] URL: www.govexec.com/pdfs/green/080108gsa.pdf, 11 March (2019).[23] URL: https://tr.climate-data.org/location/1030205/, 11 March (2019).[24] URL: https://tr.climate-data.org/location/1521/, 11 March (2019).[25] URL: http://www.leoadaly.com/portfolio/carl-t-curtis-midwest-regional-headquarters-building-national-park-service/, 11 March (2019).[26] URL: http://www.archdaily.com/35349/us-census-bureau-headquarters-som, 11 March (2019).[27] Ünalan, H., Tokman, L., “Sustainable Architectural Design: A Renovation Project”, Anadolu University Journal of Science and Technology A - Applied Science and Engineering, 2: 131, (2011).[28] Vainer, S. and Meir, I. A., “Architects, clients and bioclimatic design: A first POE of a solar neighborhood”, in M. Santamouris (ed), Passive and Low Energy Cooling for the Built Environment, Proceedings of the PALENC 2005 International Conference, May, Santorini, II, 1059–1064, (2005).[29] Karaca, C., “Within Environment, Human and Ethic Framework Approaches Devoted to the Solutions and Environment Issues”, Çukurova University İİBF Journal, 11(1):1-19, (2007). URL: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/46769, 10 March (2019).[30] Yıldız, K., Ş. Sipahioğlu ve M. Yılmaz, “Environmental Science”, Second Edition, Ankara: Gündüz Publicaion, (2005).[31] Yiğit, V., “Ethical and Rational Approaches to Environmental Protection”, Yeşil Ufuklar Journal, 3 (2), (2007).[32] Omer, A. M., “Energy, environment and sustainable development”, Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 12(9): 2265-2300, (2008). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2007.05.001 [33] Chwieduk, D., “Towards sustainable-energy buildings”,Applied energy, 76 (1): 211-217, (2003). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-2619(03)00059-X [34] Fiksel, J., “Sustainability: Science, Practice, & Policy”, Bethesda, 2(2), (2006).[35] Zuo, J., Zhao, Z.Y., “Green building research–current status and future agenda: a review”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 30: 271–281, (2014). Doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.10.021 [36] USGBC (US Green Building Council). URL: https://new.usgbc.org/leed, 11 March (2019).[37] BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method). URL: https://www.breeam.com/, 11 March (2019).[38] DGNB (Deutshe Gesellschaft für Nachhaltiges Bauen e.V.). URL: http://www.dgnb.de/en/, 11 March (2019).[39] IISBE (International Initiative for a Sustainable Built Environment). URL: http://www.iisbe.org/, 11 March (2019).[40] Green Star. URL: http://new.gbca.org.au/green-star/, 11 March (2019).[41] CASBEE (Comprehensive Assessment System for Built Environment Efficiency). URL: http://www.ibec.or.jp/CASBEE/english/index.htm, 11 March (2019).[42] HK-BEAM (The Hong Kong Building Environmental Assessment Method). URL: https://www.beamsociety.org.hk/en_index.php, 11 March (2019).[43] Meir, I. A., “Apology for architecture”, Roaf S. and Bairstow A. (eds), The Oxford Conference: A Re-evaluation of Education in Architecture, WIT Press, Southampton, Boston, 33–36, (2008).[44] Preiser, W. F. E., “Post-occupancy evaluation: How to make buildings work better”, Facilities, 13 (11): 19–28, (1995). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/02632779510097787 [45] Ozturk, Z., Arayici, Y., Coates, P., “Post occupancy evaluation (POE) in residential buildings utilizing BIM and sensing devices: Salford energy house example”, in: Retrofit 2012, Tuesday 24 Jan - Thursday 26 Jan, 2012, The Lowry, Salford Quays, Greater Manchester, (2012).[46] Amai, H., Tanabe, S. I., Akimoto, T., Genma, T., “Thermal sensation and comfort with different task conditioning systems”, Building and Environment, 42 (12): 3955–3964, (2007). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.07.043 [47] URL: https://www.opus-group.com/Work/Federal-Department-of-Transportation, 11 March (2019).[48] Hinge, A., Winston, D., Stigge, B., “Moving Toward Transparency and Disclosure in the Energy Performance of Green Buildings”, In ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, 3: 815-821, (2006).[49] Mustapha, M. A., Manan, Z. A., Alwi, S. R. W., “A new green index as an overall quantitative green performance indicator of a facility”, Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, (2016). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-016-1182-3 [50] Wall, M., “Energy-efficient terrace houses in Sweden: simulations and measurements”, Energy and Buildings, 38 (6): 627-634, (2006). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2005.10.005 [51] Zeiler, W., Boxem, G., “Sustainable schools: Better than traditional schools?”, in Proceedings of Indoor Air 2008 Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark, 17–22 August, Paper ID: 10, (2008).[52] Zimring, C., Reizenstein, J.E., “Post-Occupancy Evaluation: An Overview”, Environment and Behavior, (1980). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916580124002 [53] Zimmerman, A., Martin, M., “Post-occupancy evaluation: benefits and barriers”, Building Research & Information, 29(2): 168-174, (2001). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09613210010016857 [54] URL: https://tr.climate-data.org/location/18485/, 11 March (2019).[55] Turner, C., Frankel, M., “Energy performance of LEED for new construction buildings, New Buildings Institute, (2008). URL: https://newbuildings.org/sites/default/files/Energy_Performance_of_LEED-NC_Buildings-Final_3-4-08b.pdf, 11 March (2019).[56] URL: https://www.usgbc.org/projects/jbg-1-choke-cherry-road-llc?view=overview