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Mutual Relationship of Culture and Architecture: Focused on Residential houses in Kabul City

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 4, 345 - 356, 31.12.2021

Öz

Culture as a whole context includes all aspects of human life, e.g. science, religion, art, ethnics, customs, and any kind of human capability. The culture and architecture are inextricably linked together that the culture of each civilization is reflected by its architecture monuments and designs. Afghanistan due to its strategic location in trading route of India and Central Asia has attracted the attention of civilization and cultures. Considering the dominating of various cultures influence and history, the territory is considered as multicultural country. Each culture represents a specific architecture style. Kabul city as a capital of the country representing the wealth of cultural repositories through its architecture and urban form. Residential houses where most of the people are living have a vital role in Kabul city architecture design. By passing the time, these types of houses have been experiencing various forms from cultural perspective.
This study was conducted by reviewing the past literature and analyzing the Afghanistan culture and architecture styles to find the relationship between culture and architecture during the history, and to evaluate the morphological changes of residential houses by cultural impacts. The findings of this study show that in recent decades, the architecture of Afghanistan has been strongly influenced by local and regional cultures which are characterized by strength and weak points. The suitable combination of different cultural and architectural styles with Afghan traditional architecture is the main solution to overcome the architectural problems arisen by cultural influences.

Destekleyen Kurum

N/A

Proje Numarası

N/A

Teşekkür

N/A

Kaynakça

  • 1. Steele, J., Fathy, H.: An architecture for people: the complete works of Hassan Fathy. Watson-Guptill (1997)
  • 2. Baydar, G.: The Cultural Burden of Architecture. J. Archit. Educ. 57, 19–27 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1162/104648804323085446
  • 3. Zare, M.H., Kazemian, F.: Reviewing the Role of Culture on Formation of Vernacular Architecture. Eur. Online J. Nat. Soc. Sci. Spec. Issue Archit. 3, 547–553 (2014)
  • 4. Karakul, Ö.: Intangible values of building culture in vernacular architecture. (2014)
  • 5. Najimi, A.W.: Studies in vernacular architecture in Afghanistan: training in conservation of historic structures in Kabul Old City. Int. J. Environ. Stud. 73, 512–523 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2016.1178985
  • 6. Barfield, T.: Afghanistan: A cultural and political history. (2010)
  • 7. Frye, R.N.: Notes on the History of Architecture in Afghanistan. Ars Islam. 11/12, 200–202 (1946)
  • 8. Issa, C., Kohistani, S.M.: Kabul’s Urban Identity: An Overview of the Socio-Political Aspects of Development. (2007)
  • 9. Kazimee, B.A., Najimi, A.W.: AN ANALYSIS OF URBAN REGENERATION AND ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE SAVING IN KABUL SINCE 2001. Int. J. Herit. Arch. 1, 671–682 (2017). https://doi.org/10.2495/HA-V1-N4-671-682
  • 10. Szabo, A., Barfield, T.J.: Afghanistan: An atlas of indigenous domestic architecture. University of Texas Press (1991)
  • 11. Samizay, R.: Herati housing of Afghanistan [photocopy] / Rafi Samizay. Ekistics. 247–251 (1974). https://doi.org/10.2458/azu_acku_pamphlet_na1492_s26_1974
  • 12. Samizay, M.R.: Urban growth and residential prototypes in Kabul, Afghanistan, http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69718, (1974)
  • 13. Bechhoefer, W.B.: Serai Lahori : traditional housing in the old city of Kabul. University of Maryland (1975)
  • 14. Kazimee, B.A.: Urban/rural dwelling environments : Kabul, Afghanistan., http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/1721.1/75474/2/04360238-MIT.pdf, (1977)
  • 15. Hallet, S.I., Samizay, R.: Traditional Architecture of Afganistan. Garland STPM Press. (1980)
  • 16. Watts, D.J.: Recurrent patterns in traditional Afghan settlements. Afghanistan J. 8, 66–72 (1981)
  • 17. Bechhoefer, W.B.: 16. Contextual Transformations of Traditional Housing in Kabul, Afghanistan. In: Housing, Culture, and Design. University of Pennsylvania Press (2016)
  • 18. Najimi, A.W., Leslie, J.: Urban recovery: the case of historic Kabul. In: Heritage and Sustainability in the Islamic Built Environmen. pp. 23–37 (2012)
  • 19. Sharifzai, M.S., Kitagawa, K., Halimee, M.K., Habib, J., Sakaguchi, D.: A Comparative Study of Afghan Traditional and Contemporary Courtyard Housing Regarding Affordable Planning and Sustainability. World Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol. 10, 412–417 (2016)
  • 20. Dupree, N.H.: Cultural heritage and national identity in Afghanistan. Third World Q. 23, 977–989 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1080/0143659022000028549
  • 21. Hanson, J.: Morphology and Design Reconciling intellect, intuition, and ethics in the reflective practice of architecture. Proc. 3rd Int. Sp. Syntax Symp. 41–42 (2001)
  • 22. Hosseinpour, R., Balali Oskouee, A., Keynejad, M. ali: Assessment Of Islamic Housing Design Concepts, With The Aim Of Recreating In Modern Housing. Iran Univ. Sci. Technol. 6, (2018)
  • 23. Sumaira, Anwar, Z.: Development of Kabul under Mughals (1504-1738 Ad). (2017) 24. Paiman, Z.: Archaeological activity in Kabul. CNRS (2015)
  • 25. Dupree, N.H.: Early twentieth century Afghan adaptations of European architecture. Afghan Digit. Libr. 15–21 (1977)
  • 26. Ayoobi, A.W., Günseli Demirkol, H.: An evaluation of architectural monuments in Afghanistan as in the capital city, Kabul. J. Des. Resil. Archit. Plan. 2, 64–85 (2021). https://doi.org/10.47818/DRArch.2021.v2i1012
  • 27. Bechhoefer, W.B.: Architectural education in developing nations: Case studies in tunisia and afghanistan. Taylor Fr. 30, 19–22 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1080/10464883.1977.10758121
  • 28. Karakul, Ö.: New buildings in old settings: riverfront buildings in Amasya, (2002)
  • 29. Kazimee, B.A.: Sustainable reconstruction and planning strategies for Afghan cities: Conservation in cultural and environmental heritage. WIT Trans. Ecol. Environ. 93, 49–59 (2006). https://doi.org/10.2495/SC060051
  • 30. Dupree, L.: Afghanistan. Oxford University Press (1973)
  • 31. ISSA, C.: Architecture as a Symbol of National Identity in Afghanistan. Geogr. Rundschau Int. Ed. 2, 27–32 (2006)
  • 32. Edwards, B.: Courtyard Housing: Past, Present and Future. Taylor & Francis, Abingdon [England] ;;New York (2006)
  • 33. Watts, D.J.: Kabul’s Old City :Implications for Alternatives to Western Housing. In: Islamic Architecture and Urbanism, King Faisal University. p. P 269-294 (1983)
  • 34. Woodbridge, S.: Reviving kabul: Notes on the restoration and adaptation of the great serai. Int. J. Islam. Archit. 1, 349–366 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1386/ijia.1.2.349_1
  • 35. Fazeel Hosham, A., Kubota, T.: Field Study of Passive Techniques and Adaptive Behaviour in the Traditional Courtyard Houses of Kabul. In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. p. 12039. Institute of Physics Publishing (2019)
  • 36. Kazimee, B., Mcquillan, J.: Living Traditions of the Afghan Courtyard and Aiwan. Tradit. Dwellings Settlements Rev. 23–34 (2002)
Yıl 2021, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 4, 345 - 356, 31.12.2021

Öz

Proje Numarası

N/A

Kaynakça

  • 1. Steele, J., Fathy, H.: An architecture for people: the complete works of Hassan Fathy. Watson-Guptill (1997)
  • 2. Baydar, G.: The Cultural Burden of Architecture. J. Archit. Educ. 57, 19–27 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1162/104648804323085446
  • 3. Zare, M.H., Kazemian, F.: Reviewing the Role of Culture on Formation of Vernacular Architecture. Eur. Online J. Nat. Soc. Sci. Spec. Issue Archit. 3, 547–553 (2014)
  • 4. Karakul, Ö.: Intangible values of building culture in vernacular architecture. (2014)
  • 5. Najimi, A.W.: Studies in vernacular architecture in Afghanistan: training in conservation of historic structures in Kabul Old City. Int. J. Environ. Stud. 73, 512–523 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2016.1178985
  • 6. Barfield, T.: Afghanistan: A cultural and political history. (2010)
  • 7. Frye, R.N.: Notes on the History of Architecture in Afghanistan. Ars Islam. 11/12, 200–202 (1946)
  • 8. Issa, C., Kohistani, S.M.: Kabul’s Urban Identity: An Overview of the Socio-Political Aspects of Development. (2007)
  • 9. Kazimee, B.A., Najimi, A.W.: AN ANALYSIS OF URBAN REGENERATION AND ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE SAVING IN KABUL SINCE 2001. Int. J. Herit. Arch. 1, 671–682 (2017). https://doi.org/10.2495/HA-V1-N4-671-682
  • 10. Szabo, A., Barfield, T.J.: Afghanistan: An atlas of indigenous domestic architecture. University of Texas Press (1991)
  • 11. Samizay, R.: Herati housing of Afghanistan [photocopy] / Rafi Samizay. Ekistics. 247–251 (1974). https://doi.org/10.2458/azu_acku_pamphlet_na1492_s26_1974
  • 12. Samizay, M.R.: Urban growth and residential prototypes in Kabul, Afghanistan, http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69718, (1974)
  • 13. Bechhoefer, W.B.: Serai Lahori : traditional housing in the old city of Kabul. University of Maryland (1975)
  • 14. Kazimee, B.A.: Urban/rural dwelling environments : Kabul, Afghanistan., http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/1721.1/75474/2/04360238-MIT.pdf, (1977)
  • 15. Hallet, S.I., Samizay, R.: Traditional Architecture of Afganistan. Garland STPM Press. (1980)
  • 16. Watts, D.J.: Recurrent patterns in traditional Afghan settlements. Afghanistan J. 8, 66–72 (1981)
  • 17. Bechhoefer, W.B.: 16. Contextual Transformations of Traditional Housing in Kabul, Afghanistan. In: Housing, Culture, and Design. University of Pennsylvania Press (2016)
  • 18. Najimi, A.W., Leslie, J.: Urban recovery: the case of historic Kabul. In: Heritage and Sustainability in the Islamic Built Environmen. pp. 23–37 (2012)
  • 19. Sharifzai, M.S., Kitagawa, K., Halimee, M.K., Habib, J., Sakaguchi, D.: A Comparative Study of Afghan Traditional and Contemporary Courtyard Housing Regarding Affordable Planning and Sustainability. World Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol. 10, 412–417 (2016)
  • 20. Dupree, N.H.: Cultural heritage and national identity in Afghanistan. Third World Q. 23, 977–989 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1080/0143659022000028549
  • 21. Hanson, J.: Morphology and Design Reconciling intellect, intuition, and ethics in the reflective practice of architecture. Proc. 3rd Int. Sp. Syntax Symp. 41–42 (2001)
  • 22. Hosseinpour, R., Balali Oskouee, A., Keynejad, M. ali: Assessment Of Islamic Housing Design Concepts, With The Aim Of Recreating In Modern Housing. Iran Univ. Sci. Technol. 6, (2018)
  • 23. Sumaira, Anwar, Z.: Development of Kabul under Mughals (1504-1738 Ad). (2017) 24. Paiman, Z.: Archaeological activity in Kabul. CNRS (2015)
  • 25. Dupree, N.H.: Early twentieth century Afghan adaptations of European architecture. Afghan Digit. Libr. 15–21 (1977)
  • 26. Ayoobi, A.W., Günseli Demirkol, H.: An evaluation of architectural monuments in Afghanistan as in the capital city, Kabul. J. Des. Resil. Archit. Plan. 2, 64–85 (2021). https://doi.org/10.47818/DRArch.2021.v2i1012
  • 27. Bechhoefer, W.B.: Architectural education in developing nations: Case studies in tunisia and afghanistan. Taylor Fr. 30, 19–22 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1080/10464883.1977.10758121
  • 28. Karakul, Ö.: New buildings in old settings: riverfront buildings in Amasya, (2002)
  • 29. Kazimee, B.A.: Sustainable reconstruction and planning strategies for Afghan cities: Conservation in cultural and environmental heritage. WIT Trans. Ecol. Environ. 93, 49–59 (2006). https://doi.org/10.2495/SC060051
  • 30. Dupree, L.: Afghanistan. Oxford University Press (1973)
  • 31. ISSA, C.: Architecture as a Symbol of National Identity in Afghanistan. Geogr. Rundschau Int. Ed. 2, 27–32 (2006)
  • 32. Edwards, B.: Courtyard Housing: Past, Present and Future. Taylor & Francis, Abingdon [England] ;;New York (2006)
  • 33. Watts, D.J.: Kabul’s Old City :Implications for Alternatives to Western Housing. In: Islamic Architecture and Urbanism, King Faisal University. p. P 269-294 (1983)
  • 34. Woodbridge, S.: Reviving kabul: Notes on the restoration and adaptation of the great serai. Int. J. Islam. Archit. 1, 349–366 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1386/ijia.1.2.349_1
  • 35. Fazeel Hosham, A., Kubota, T.: Field Study of Passive Techniques and Adaptive Behaviour in the Traditional Courtyard Houses of Kabul. In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. p. 12039. Institute of Physics Publishing (2019)
  • 36. Kazimee, B., Mcquillan, J.: Living Traditions of the Afghan Courtyard and Aiwan. Tradit. Dwellings Settlements Rev. 23–34 (2002)
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mimarlık
Bölüm Mimarlık
Yazarlar

Ahmad Walid Ayoobi 0000-0001-6623-7682

Mehmet İnceoglu 0000-0001-5264-8755

Proje Numarası N/A
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Kasım 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Ayoobi, A. W., & İnceoglu, M. (2021). Mutual Relationship of Culture and Architecture: Focused on Residential houses in Kabul City. Gazi University Journal of Science Part B: Art Humanities Design and Planning, 9(4), 345-356.