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The Ethical Dimension of the Persona Concept

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 147 - 158, 30.06.2022

Öz

Persona literature, which has rich content, has long been one of the dominant and popular topics in design. In the literature, which focuses on persona production and its use in the design process, there are hardly any ethical discussions about the philosophical principles of persona production. This article explains the general ethical approach to design practices and explores how persona creation and persona-based design practices can foster ethical thought and action.
For this purpose, the scope of the concepts of persona and ethics is determined and defined. The idea of persona is discussed in terms of objectification, transformation, homogenization of individuals and obtaining individual data, legitimacy of representation, and use ethics.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Papanek, V. (2005). Design for the real world: Human ecology and social change. Chicago: Academy Chicago Publishers.
  • [2] World Design Organization. (2021). Code of professional ethics. http://uploads.wdo.org.s3.amazonaws.com/ProfessionalPractice/WDO_CodeofEthics.pdf Last Accessed: 05.05.2022
  • [3] International Council of Design. (2020). Model code of professional conduct for designers. https://www.theicod.org/resources/news-archive/design-professionalism-standards-of-professional-conduct Last Accessed: 05.05.2022
  • [4] Industrial Designers Society of America. (2021). Ethical principles and code of ethics. https://www.idsa.org/code-ethics Last Accessed: 05.05.2022
  • [5] The French Designers Alliance. (2021). Code of ethics for professional designers. http://www.alliance-francaise-des-designers.org/code-of-ethics-for-professional-designer.html Last Accessed: 05.05.2022
  • [6] The Chartered Society of Designers. (2021). Code of conduct. https://www.csd.org.uk/about/code-of-conduct/ Last Accessed: 05.05.2022
  • [7] Redström, J. (2017). Making design theory. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
  • [8] Muller-Roterberg, C. (2020). Design thinking for dummies. New Jersey: For Dummies.
  • [9] Jacko, J.A. (2011). Human-computer Interaction: Design and development approaches. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
  • [10] Hartson, R., and Pyla, P. (2012). The UX book process and guidelines for ensuring a quality user experience. Burlington: Morgan Kaufmann.
  • [11] Schuler, D., and Namioka, A. (1993). Participatory design: Principles and practices. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
  • [12] Solis, B. (2015). X: The experience when business meets design. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.
  • [13] Stone, D., Jarrett, C., Woodroffe, M., and Minocha, S. (2005). User interface design and evaluation. Burlington: Morgan Kaufmann.
  • [14] Grudin, J., and Pruitt, J. (2002). Personas. Participatory design and product development: An infrastructure for engagement. T. Binder, J. Gregory, & I. Wagner (Eds.), from PDC 02 Proceedings of the Participatory Design Conference, (s. 144-152). Malmö. Sweden.
  • [15] Baxter, K., and Courage, C. (2005). Understanding your users: A practical guide to user requirements methods, tools, and techniques. Burlington: Morgan Kaufmann.
  • [16] Cooper, A. (1999). The inmates are running the asylum: Why high-tech products drive us crazy and how to restore the sanity. Indianapolis: Sams.
  • [17] Nielsen L and Storgaard Hansen K. (2014). Personas is applicable: A study on the use of personas in Denmark. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI ’14, New York, NY, USA: ACM, 1665–1674. [18] Blomquist, Å. and Arvola, M. (2002). Personas in action: ethnography in an interaction design team. In Proceedings of the second Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction, 197-200.
  • [19] Long, F. (2009). Real or imaginary: The effectiveness of using personas in product design. In Proceedings of the Irish Ergonomics Society annual conference, 14, 1-10.
  • [20] Matthews T, Judge T and Whittaker, S. (2012). How Do Designers and User Experience Professionals Actually Perceive and Use Personas? In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI ’12, New York, NY, USA: ACM, 1219–1228.
  • [21] Miaskiewicz, T., ve Kozar, K. A. (2011). Personas and user-centered design: How can personas benefit product design processes? Design Studies, 32(5), 417-430.
  • [22] Pruitt, J., and Grudin, J. (2003, June). Personas: practice and theory. In Proceedings of the 2003 conference on Designing for user experiences (pp. 1-15).
  • [23] Javahery, H., Deichman, A., Seffah, A., and Radhakrishnan, T. (2007, October). Incorporating human experiences into the design process of a visualization tool: A case study from bioinformatics. In 2007 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics,1517-1523.
  • [24] Junior, P. T. A. and Filgueiras, L. V. L. (2005). User modeling with personas. In Proceedings of the 2005 Latin American conference on Human-computer interaction, 277-282.
  • [25] McGinn, J., and Kotamraju, N. (2008). Data-driven persona development. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems, 1521-1524.
  • [26] Sinha, R. (2003, April). Persona development for information-rich domains. In CHI'03 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems (pp. 830-831).
  • [27] Anvari, F., Richards, D., Hitchens, M., and Babar, M. A. (2015, May). Effectiveness of persona with personality traits on conceptual design. In 2015 IEEE/ACM 37th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering (Vol. 2, pp. 263-272). IEEE.
  • [28] Friess, E. (2012). Personas and decision making in the design process: an ethnographic case study. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1209-1218.
  • [29] Guo, F. Y., Shamdasani, S., and Randall, B. (2011, July). Creating effective personas for product design: insights from a case study. In International Conference on Internationalization, Design and Global Development (pp. 37-46). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
  • [30] Jones, M.C., Floyd, I.R. and Twidale, M.B. (2008). Teaching Design with Personas. Proceedings HCIEd, Rome 2008. Magazine of Interaction Design & Architecture(s) Year II&III N. 3&4. pp. 75-82.
  • [31] Chapman, C. N. and Milham, R. P. (2006). The personas' new clothes: methodological and practical arguments against a popular method. In Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society annual meeting. 50(5), 634-636. Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications.
  • [32] Floyd, I. R., Twidale, M. B. and Jones, M. C. (2008). Resolving incommensurable debates: a preliminary identification of persona kinds, attributes, and characteristics. Artifact: Journal of Design Practice, 2(1), 12-26.
  • [33] Jansen, B. J., Jung, S. G., Salminen, J., Guan, K. W., and Nielsen, L. (2021, January). Strengths and weaknesses of persona creation methods: Guidelines and opportunities for digital innovations. In Proceedings of the 54th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (p. 4971).
  • [34] Salminen, J., Guan, K., Jung, S. G., and Jansen, B. J. (2021). A survey of 15 years of data-driven persona development. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 37(18), 1685-1708.
  • [35] Anvari, F., Richards, D., Hitchens, M., and Tran, H. M. T. (2019, May). Teaching user-centered conceptual design using cross-cultural personas and peer reviews for a large cohort of students. In 2019 IEEE/ACM 41st International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering Education and Training (ICSE-SEET) (pp. 62-73). IEEE.
  • [36] Cabrero, D. G., Winschiers-Theophilus, H., and Abdelnour-Nocera, J. (2016, November). A critique of personas as representations of" the other" in cross-cultural technology design. In Proceedings of the First African Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (pp. 149-154).
  • [37] Coorevits, L., Schuurman, D., Oelbrandt, K., and Logghe, S. (2016). Bringing personas to life: User experience design through interactive coupled open innovation. Persona Studies, 2(1), 97-114.
  • [38] Nielsen, L., Hansen, K. S., Stage, J. and Billestrup, J. (2015). A template for design personas: analysis of 47 persona descriptions from Danish industries and organizations. International Journal of Sociotechnology and Knowledge Development (IJSKD), 7(1), 45-61.
  • [39] Schäfer, C., Zinke, R., Künzer, L., Hofinger, G., and Koch, R. (2014). Applying Persona method for describing users of escape routes. Transportation Research Procedia, 2, 636-641.
  • [40] Tempelman-Kluit, N., and Pearce, A. (2014). Invoking the user from data to design. College & Research Libraries, 75(5), 616-640.
  • [41] Tu, N., Zhang, T., He, Q., Zhang, H., and Li, Y. (2011, May). User-centered design in new product development: A case study in developing new sports earphone. In 2011 International Conference on Computer and Management (CAMAN) (pp. 1-7). IEEE.
  • [42] Zaugg, H., and Rackham, S. (2016). Identification and Development of Patron Personas for an Academic Library. Performance Measurement and Metrics, 17(2), 124–133.
  • [43] An, J., Kwak, H., Jung, S., Salminen, J., Admad, M., and Jansen, B. (2018). Imaginary people representing real numbers: Generating personas from online social media data. ACM Transactions on the Web (TWEB), 12(4), 1-26.
  • [44] Jung, S. G., An, J., Kwak, H., Ahmad, M., Nielsen, L., and Jansen, B. J. (2017, May). Persona generation from aggregated social media data. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI conference extended abstracts on human factors in computing systems (pp. 1748-1755).
  • [45] Salminen, J., Chowdhury, S., Forneman, W., Jung, S. G., and Jansen, B. J., (2020). The ethics of data-driven personas. In CHI 2020 Extended Abstracts (pp. 1-9).
  • [46] Treviño, L. K., Nelson, K. A., (2010). Managing business ethics. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
  • [47] Buchanan, R., (1995). Rhetoric, humanism and design. In R. Buchanan and V. Margolin (eds.) Discovering design: Explorations in design studies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 23-66.
  • [48] Sartre, J. (1993). Being and nothingness. Washington: Washington Square Press.
  • [49] Chapman, C. N., Love, E., Milham, R. P., Eirif, P., and Alford, J. L. (2008, September). Quantitative evaluation of personas as information. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting (Vol. 52, No. 16, pp. 1107-1111). Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications.
  • [50] Portigal, S. (2008). True Tales Persona non grata. Interactions, 15(1), 72-73.
  • [51] Chen, R., and Liu, J. (2015). Personas: Powerful tool for designers. Design Thinking: New Product Development Essentials from the PDMA, 27-40.
  • [52] Massanari, A.L. (2010). Designing for imaginary friends: Information architecture, personas and the politics of user-centered design. New Media & Society 12(3): 401–416.
  • [53] Aoyama, M. (2007). Persona-scenario-goal methodology for user-centered requirements engineering. In 15th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE 2007) (pp. 185-194). IEEE.
  • [54] Hjalmarsson, A., Gustafsson, E., & Cronholm, S. (2015). Exploring the use of personas in the user-centered design of web-based e-services. iConference 2015 Proceedings.
  • [55] Cooper, A., Reimann, R. and Cronin, D. (2007). About-face 3: the essentials of interaction design. John Wiley & Sons.
  • [56] Turner, P. and Turner, S. (2011). Is stereotyping inevitable when designing with personas? Design studies, 32(1), 30-44.
  • [57] Korsgaard, D., Bjørner, T., Sørensen, P. K. and Burelli, P. (2020). Creating user stereotypes for persona development from qualitative data through semi-automatic subspace clustering. User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, 30(1), 81-125. [58] Mulder, S. and Yaar, Z. (2007). The user is always right: A practical guide to creating and using personas for the Web. Voices that matter, Berkeley, CA: New Riders.
  • [59] Brickey, J., Walczak, S., and Burgess, T. (2011). Comparing semi-automated clustering methods for persona development. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 38(3), 537-546.
  • [60] Dam, R., and Siang, T. (2020). Personas–A Simple Introduction. Interaction Design Foundation. Verfügbar unter: https://doi. org/www. interaction-design. org/literature/article/personas-why-and-how-you-should-use-them.[Zugegriffen: 26-Mai-2018].
  • [61] Norman, D. (2006). Ad-Hoc Personas & Empathetic Focus. In The Persona Lifecycle: Keeping People in Mind Throughout Product Design, 37.
  • [62] Djajadiningrat, J. P., Gaver, W. W., and Fres, J. W. (2000, August). Interaction relabelling and extreme characters: methods for exploring aesthetic interactions. In Proceedings of the 3rd conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, and techniques (pp. 66-71).
  • [63] Dube, J., and Rossi, P. (2019). Handbook of the economics of marketing. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
  • [64] Pruitt, J., Adlin, T. (2006). The persona lifecycle: Keeping people in mind throughout product design. Burlington: Morgan Kaufmann.
  • [65] Sharrock, W., and Anderson, B. (1994). The user as a scenic feature of the design space. Design Studies, 15(1), 5-18.
  • [66] Ghauri, P. N., and Cateora, P. R. (2009). International marketing. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
  • [67] Levinas, E. (1985). Ethics and infinity. Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press.
Yıl 2022, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 147 - 158, 30.06.2022

Öz

Kaynakça

  • [1] Papanek, V. (2005). Design for the real world: Human ecology and social change. Chicago: Academy Chicago Publishers.
  • [2] World Design Organization. (2021). Code of professional ethics. http://uploads.wdo.org.s3.amazonaws.com/ProfessionalPractice/WDO_CodeofEthics.pdf Last Accessed: 05.05.2022
  • [3] International Council of Design. (2020). Model code of professional conduct for designers. https://www.theicod.org/resources/news-archive/design-professionalism-standards-of-professional-conduct Last Accessed: 05.05.2022
  • [4] Industrial Designers Society of America. (2021). Ethical principles and code of ethics. https://www.idsa.org/code-ethics Last Accessed: 05.05.2022
  • [5] The French Designers Alliance. (2021). Code of ethics for professional designers. http://www.alliance-francaise-des-designers.org/code-of-ethics-for-professional-designer.html Last Accessed: 05.05.2022
  • [6] The Chartered Society of Designers. (2021). Code of conduct. https://www.csd.org.uk/about/code-of-conduct/ Last Accessed: 05.05.2022
  • [7] Redström, J. (2017). Making design theory. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
  • [8] Muller-Roterberg, C. (2020). Design thinking for dummies. New Jersey: For Dummies.
  • [9] Jacko, J.A. (2011). Human-computer Interaction: Design and development approaches. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
  • [10] Hartson, R., and Pyla, P. (2012). The UX book process and guidelines for ensuring a quality user experience. Burlington: Morgan Kaufmann.
  • [11] Schuler, D., and Namioka, A. (1993). Participatory design: Principles and practices. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
  • [12] Solis, B. (2015). X: The experience when business meets design. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.
  • [13] Stone, D., Jarrett, C., Woodroffe, M., and Minocha, S. (2005). User interface design and evaluation. Burlington: Morgan Kaufmann.
  • [14] Grudin, J., and Pruitt, J. (2002). Personas. Participatory design and product development: An infrastructure for engagement. T. Binder, J. Gregory, & I. Wagner (Eds.), from PDC 02 Proceedings of the Participatory Design Conference, (s. 144-152). Malmö. Sweden.
  • [15] Baxter, K., and Courage, C. (2005). Understanding your users: A practical guide to user requirements methods, tools, and techniques. Burlington: Morgan Kaufmann.
  • [16] Cooper, A. (1999). The inmates are running the asylum: Why high-tech products drive us crazy and how to restore the sanity. Indianapolis: Sams.
  • [17] Nielsen L and Storgaard Hansen K. (2014). Personas is applicable: A study on the use of personas in Denmark. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI ’14, New York, NY, USA: ACM, 1665–1674. [18] Blomquist, Å. and Arvola, M. (2002). Personas in action: ethnography in an interaction design team. In Proceedings of the second Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction, 197-200.
  • [19] Long, F. (2009). Real or imaginary: The effectiveness of using personas in product design. In Proceedings of the Irish Ergonomics Society annual conference, 14, 1-10.
  • [20] Matthews T, Judge T and Whittaker, S. (2012). How Do Designers and User Experience Professionals Actually Perceive and Use Personas? In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI ’12, New York, NY, USA: ACM, 1219–1228.
  • [21] Miaskiewicz, T., ve Kozar, K. A. (2011). Personas and user-centered design: How can personas benefit product design processes? Design Studies, 32(5), 417-430.
  • [22] Pruitt, J., and Grudin, J. (2003, June). Personas: practice and theory. In Proceedings of the 2003 conference on Designing for user experiences (pp. 1-15).
  • [23] Javahery, H., Deichman, A., Seffah, A., and Radhakrishnan, T. (2007, October). Incorporating human experiences into the design process of a visualization tool: A case study from bioinformatics. In 2007 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics,1517-1523.
  • [24] Junior, P. T. A. and Filgueiras, L. V. L. (2005). User modeling with personas. In Proceedings of the 2005 Latin American conference on Human-computer interaction, 277-282.
  • [25] McGinn, J., and Kotamraju, N. (2008). Data-driven persona development. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems, 1521-1524.
  • [26] Sinha, R. (2003, April). Persona development for information-rich domains. In CHI'03 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems (pp. 830-831).
  • [27] Anvari, F., Richards, D., Hitchens, M., and Babar, M. A. (2015, May). Effectiveness of persona with personality traits on conceptual design. In 2015 IEEE/ACM 37th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering (Vol. 2, pp. 263-272). IEEE.
  • [28] Friess, E. (2012). Personas and decision making in the design process: an ethnographic case study. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1209-1218.
  • [29] Guo, F. Y., Shamdasani, S., and Randall, B. (2011, July). Creating effective personas for product design: insights from a case study. In International Conference on Internationalization, Design and Global Development (pp. 37-46). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
  • [30] Jones, M.C., Floyd, I.R. and Twidale, M.B. (2008). Teaching Design with Personas. Proceedings HCIEd, Rome 2008. Magazine of Interaction Design & Architecture(s) Year II&III N. 3&4. pp. 75-82.
  • [31] Chapman, C. N. and Milham, R. P. (2006). The personas' new clothes: methodological and practical arguments against a popular method. In Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society annual meeting. 50(5), 634-636. Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications.
  • [32] Floyd, I. R., Twidale, M. B. and Jones, M. C. (2008). Resolving incommensurable debates: a preliminary identification of persona kinds, attributes, and characteristics. Artifact: Journal of Design Practice, 2(1), 12-26.
  • [33] Jansen, B. J., Jung, S. G., Salminen, J., Guan, K. W., and Nielsen, L. (2021, January). Strengths and weaknesses of persona creation methods: Guidelines and opportunities for digital innovations. In Proceedings of the 54th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (p. 4971).
  • [34] Salminen, J., Guan, K., Jung, S. G., and Jansen, B. J. (2021). A survey of 15 years of data-driven persona development. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 37(18), 1685-1708.
  • [35] Anvari, F., Richards, D., Hitchens, M., and Tran, H. M. T. (2019, May). Teaching user-centered conceptual design using cross-cultural personas and peer reviews for a large cohort of students. In 2019 IEEE/ACM 41st International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering Education and Training (ICSE-SEET) (pp. 62-73). IEEE.
  • [36] Cabrero, D. G., Winschiers-Theophilus, H., and Abdelnour-Nocera, J. (2016, November). A critique of personas as representations of" the other" in cross-cultural technology design. In Proceedings of the First African Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (pp. 149-154).
  • [37] Coorevits, L., Schuurman, D., Oelbrandt, K., and Logghe, S. (2016). Bringing personas to life: User experience design through interactive coupled open innovation. Persona Studies, 2(1), 97-114.
  • [38] Nielsen, L., Hansen, K. S., Stage, J. and Billestrup, J. (2015). A template for design personas: analysis of 47 persona descriptions from Danish industries and organizations. International Journal of Sociotechnology and Knowledge Development (IJSKD), 7(1), 45-61.
  • [39] Schäfer, C., Zinke, R., Künzer, L., Hofinger, G., and Koch, R. (2014). Applying Persona method for describing users of escape routes. Transportation Research Procedia, 2, 636-641.
  • [40] Tempelman-Kluit, N., and Pearce, A. (2014). Invoking the user from data to design. College & Research Libraries, 75(5), 616-640.
  • [41] Tu, N., Zhang, T., He, Q., Zhang, H., and Li, Y. (2011, May). User-centered design in new product development: A case study in developing new sports earphone. In 2011 International Conference on Computer and Management (CAMAN) (pp. 1-7). IEEE.
  • [42] Zaugg, H., and Rackham, S. (2016). Identification and Development of Patron Personas for an Academic Library. Performance Measurement and Metrics, 17(2), 124–133.
  • [43] An, J., Kwak, H., Jung, S., Salminen, J., Admad, M., and Jansen, B. (2018). Imaginary people representing real numbers: Generating personas from online social media data. ACM Transactions on the Web (TWEB), 12(4), 1-26.
  • [44] Jung, S. G., An, J., Kwak, H., Ahmad, M., Nielsen, L., and Jansen, B. J. (2017, May). Persona generation from aggregated social media data. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI conference extended abstracts on human factors in computing systems (pp. 1748-1755).
  • [45] Salminen, J., Chowdhury, S., Forneman, W., Jung, S. G., and Jansen, B. J., (2020). The ethics of data-driven personas. In CHI 2020 Extended Abstracts (pp. 1-9).
  • [46] Treviño, L. K., Nelson, K. A., (2010). Managing business ethics. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
  • [47] Buchanan, R., (1995). Rhetoric, humanism and design. In R. Buchanan and V. Margolin (eds.) Discovering design: Explorations in design studies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 23-66.
  • [48] Sartre, J. (1993). Being and nothingness. Washington: Washington Square Press.
  • [49] Chapman, C. N., Love, E., Milham, R. P., Eirif, P., and Alford, J. L. (2008, September). Quantitative evaluation of personas as information. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting (Vol. 52, No. 16, pp. 1107-1111). Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications.
  • [50] Portigal, S. (2008). True Tales Persona non grata. Interactions, 15(1), 72-73.
  • [51] Chen, R., and Liu, J. (2015). Personas: Powerful tool for designers. Design Thinking: New Product Development Essentials from the PDMA, 27-40.
  • [52] Massanari, A.L. (2010). Designing for imaginary friends: Information architecture, personas and the politics of user-centered design. New Media & Society 12(3): 401–416.
  • [53] Aoyama, M. (2007). Persona-scenario-goal methodology for user-centered requirements engineering. In 15th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE 2007) (pp. 185-194). IEEE.
  • [54] Hjalmarsson, A., Gustafsson, E., & Cronholm, S. (2015). Exploring the use of personas in the user-centered design of web-based e-services. iConference 2015 Proceedings.
  • [55] Cooper, A., Reimann, R. and Cronin, D. (2007). About-face 3: the essentials of interaction design. John Wiley & Sons.
  • [56] Turner, P. and Turner, S. (2011). Is stereotyping inevitable when designing with personas? Design studies, 32(1), 30-44.
  • [57] Korsgaard, D., Bjørner, T., Sørensen, P. K. and Burelli, P. (2020). Creating user stereotypes for persona development from qualitative data through semi-automatic subspace clustering. User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, 30(1), 81-125. [58] Mulder, S. and Yaar, Z. (2007). The user is always right: A practical guide to creating and using personas for the Web. Voices that matter, Berkeley, CA: New Riders.
  • [59] Brickey, J., Walczak, S., and Burgess, T. (2011). Comparing semi-automated clustering methods for persona development. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 38(3), 537-546.
  • [60] Dam, R., and Siang, T. (2020). Personas–A Simple Introduction. Interaction Design Foundation. Verfügbar unter: https://doi. org/www. interaction-design. org/literature/article/personas-why-and-how-you-should-use-them.[Zugegriffen: 26-Mai-2018].
  • [61] Norman, D. (2006). Ad-Hoc Personas & Empathetic Focus. In The Persona Lifecycle: Keeping People in Mind Throughout Product Design, 37.
  • [62] Djajadiningrat, J. P., Gaver, W. W., and Fres, J. W. (2000, August). Interaction relabelling and extreme characters: methods for exploring aesthetic interactions. In Proceedings of the 3rd conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, and techniques (pp. 66-71).
  • [63] Dube, J., and Rossi, P. (2019). Handbook of the economics of marketing. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
  • [64] Pruitt, J., Adlin, T. (2006). The persona lifecycle: Keeping people in mind throughout product design. Burlington: Morgan Kaufmann.
  • [65] Sharrock, W., and Anderson, B. (1994). The user as a scenic feature of the design space. Design Studies, 15(1), 5-18.
  • [66] Ghauri, P. N., and Cateora, P. R. (2009). International marketing. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
  • [67] Levinas, E. (1985). Ethics and infinity. Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press.
Toplam 65 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mimarlık
Bölüm Endüstriyel Tasarım
Yazarlar

Serkan Güneş

Çisem Ercömert Görgün

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Mayıs 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Güneş, S., & Ercömert Görgün, Ç. (2022). The Ethical Dimension of the Persona Concept. Gazi University Journal of Science Part B: Art Humanities Design and Planning, 10(2), 147-158.