Architectural Heritage of the Republican Era: Karamürsel (Kocaeli) Old Municipality Building

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 193 - 206, 30.06.2024

Saliha Tanık

Öz

During the Tanzimat period, the concept of modern municipalism emerged in the Ottoman Empire, leading to innovations in the administrative organization of municipalities in the 19th century. The Istanbul Beyoğlu Sixth Department Building, built in a Neo-classical style and masonry technique, was the first municipality building in Turkey. Subsequently, with the implementation of the Tuna Vilayeti Nizamnamesi (provincial regulations), this exemplary municipal building design spread to other provinces in the Ottoman Empire. During the Republican era, the municipal organization continued to develop. The first quarter of the 20th century was marked by the construction of public buildings in the style of the I. National Architecture Movement, including municipal buildings. The municipality building in the Karamürsel district of Kocaeli, built between 1926 and 1929, reflects the aforementioned architectural style. The historical significance of Karamürsel as an ancient naval city and its maritime trade with the capital elevated municipal services to an important position. The building exemplifies the architectural style of the period in both its plan and facade design. Additionally, it is situated in the centre of a residential area and blends well with its surroundings, much like other public buildings. The symmetrical arrangement of its side wings and the elevated central axis of the two-story structure highlight the typical facade design of public buildings. This study aimed to explain the history, architecture, and facade design of the Karamürsel Old Municipality Building, emphasizing the changes that occurred over time and comparing it with other public buildings of the period. The goal was to determine the place of the building in the modern municipality's understanding of the young Republic of Turkey. Given the absence of a comprehensive study on the subject, it is particularly important to introduce and document this structure in Turkish literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

The Turkish Republican Era, The First National Architecture Movement, Municipality Building, Karamürsel

Kaynakça

• [1] Ortaylı, İ. (1992). Belediye. In TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi, Cilt 5 (pp. 398-402). Retrieved from https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/belediye
• [2] Kallek, C. (1998). Hisbe Müessesesi. In TDV Islam Ansiklopedisi, Cilt 18 (pp. 133-143). Retrieved from https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/hisbe
• [3] Ergin, O.N. (1996). İstanbul Şehreminleri. (Haz. Ahmet Nezih Galitekin). İstanbul: İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kültür İşleri Daire Başkanlığı Yayınları.
• [4] Çadırcı, M. (1991). Tanzimat Döneminde Anadolu Kentleri’nin Sosyal Ve Ekonomik Yapıları. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi.
• [5] Kolay, E. (2017). Geç Dönem Osmanlı Mimarisinde Oryantalist Üslupta Bir Örnek: Samsun Belediye Binası. Osmanlı Mirası Araştırmaları Dergisi (OMAD), 4 (9), 57-68
• [6] Avcı, Y. (2016). Tanzimat Döneminde Osmanlı Belediyeciliği Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Analizler. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (24), 167-180.
• [7] Oktay, T. (2001). Tanzimat Dönemi İstanbul’da Bir Belediye Örgütlenmesi Örneği: Altıncı Dâire-i Belediye. Öneri Dergisi, 4 (15), 157-166.
• [8] Yazıcı, N. & Kaya, Ş. (2009). Municipal Buildings from Tanzimat to Republic: Bursa Province. In Thirteenth International Congress of Turkish Art, Bildiriler (pp. 713-727). Budapest: Hungarian National Museum
• [9] Ortaylı, İ. (2011). Tanzimat Devrinde Osmanlı Mahalli İdareleri (1840-1880). Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi.
• [10] Seyfi, S. & Bayhan, A.A. (2017). “Samsun’da Bir Batılılaşma Örneği: Eski Belediye Sarayı”, Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmalar Dergisi, 12 (2), 31-52.