A Comprehensive Review of Intelligent Islanding Detection Methods for Grid Integrated Distributed Generation Systems

Abstract

Microgrid is an important part of the future energy system, which can operate in either grid connected or islanding mode, enabling the increasing integration of distributed generation units such as photovoltaic energy, wind energy and hydroelectric energy into the power systems. The microgrid concept has a great potential for future smart grids which seek to reduce fuel use, line losses, carbon footprint, emissions, costs and improve energy efficiency and stability. However, the integration of distributed generation into the power system also causes some drawbacks and risks in controlling, operating, and protecting of power system. One of the most prior issues is islanding phenomenon which is defined as a situation in which one or more distributed generations as a part of the power system separated from the rest of the network. Unintentional (unplanned) islanding may lead to power system quality, frequency instability, a hazard to personnel safety, system components, etc. There are many islanding detection methods in the literature. This paper overview intelligent islanding detection methods (IDM) and discuss in terms of none detection zone (NDZ), detection time, cost of operation, accuracy, and power quality. Especially, real time experimental studies are analyzed to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methods. In the view of this review, economical and applicable solutions are presented for researcher to select islanding detection methods.

Keywords

• islanding
• IDM
• microgrid
• distributed generation
• none detection zone

Şebekeye Bağlı Dağıtık Üretim Sistemleri için Akıllı Ada Çalışma Tespit Yöntemlerinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Mikro şebekeler fotovoltaik, rüzgâr ve hidrolik gibi enerji kaynaklarının şebekeye entegrasyonunu sağlayan ve şebekeye bağlı ve şebekeden bağımsız çalışabilen, geleceğin enerji sisteminin önemli bir parçasını oluşturmaktadır. Mikro şebeke konsepti; fosil yakıt kullanımı, hat kayıpları, karbon ayak izi, emisyon azaltma ve enerji verimliliğini arttırma hedefi ile geleceğin akıllı şebekeleri için büyük bir potansiyele sahiptir. Bununla birlikte dağıtık üretimin güç sistemine entegrasyonu, güç sisteminin kontrolü işletilmesi ve korunmasında bazı dezavantajlara ve risklere neden olabilmektedir. Bu konudaki en büyük problemlerden biri, şebekeye bağlı çalışan mikro şebekenin herhangi bir arıza durumunda ana şebekeden ayrılarak çalışmaya devam ettiği istenmeyen ada çalışma durumudur. İstenmeyen ada çalışma durumu, güç sisteminde frekans kararsızlığına neden olarak, personel güvenliği ve güç sistemindeki ekipmanları için tehdit unsuru oluşturabilir. Bu durumu önlemek amacıyla ada çalışmanın ivedilikle tespit edilerek ana şebeke ile mikro şebekenin bağlantısı fiziksel olarak kesilmelidir. Literatürde birçok ada çalışma tespit yöntemi önerilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, literatürde sunulan akıllı ada çalışma tespit yöntemleri detaylı olarak incelenmiş ve önerilen yöntemler algılama dışı bölge, tespit süresi, işletme maliyeti, doğruluk ve güç kalitesi bakımından analiz edilmiştir. Diğer çalışmalardan farklı olarak bu çalışmada, gerçek zamanlı deneysel çalışmalar, önerilen yöntemlerin uygulanabilirliğini göstermek amacıyla detaylı olarak incelenmiştir. Böylelikle ortaya konulan yöntemlerin pratikte uygulanabilirliği konusunda araştırmacılara önemli bir kaynak oluşturulmuştur.

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