Investigation of the Effects of Ventilation Performance on Energy Consumption in Subway Stations and Tunnels

Abstract

Increasing traffic density in big cities, increases the using subway as a means of transportation. Every day, thousands of people provide their transportation with using subways. However, the subway environment contains many pollutants especially particulate matter, carbon dioxide, volatile organic compounds and bad smells. It was proven as a result of studies that exposure to these pollutants will cause many health problems in the long run. In order to reduce pollutant levels in subway stations and provide passenger and personnel comfort, ventilation and air conditioning systems are needed. Ventilation systems are systems that consume a great deal of energy while creating a healthy indoor air quality in the subway environment. Fans, electric motors, the amount of carbon dioxide and the pollution factor in other equipment affect the energy consumed by ventilation systems. The fact that an environment has a healthy indoor air quality means that the ventilation system performs adequately. By designing efficient ventilation systems, the energy consumption of the ventilation system can be reduced while providing adequate indoor air quality in the environment. In this study, how the ventilation system works in a subway station, the pollutants in the subway environment, the factors affecting the energy consumed by the ventilation system are examined. Methods that can improve the indoor air quality in the environment by using energy more efficiently were proposed.

Keywords

• Ventilation
• indoor air quality
• subway
• air pollutants

Metro İstasyon ve Tünellerinde Havalandırma Performansının Enerji Tüketimine Etkilerinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Büyük şehirlerde artan trafik yoğunluğu, bir ulaşım aracı olarak metro kullanımını arttırmaktadır. Her gün binlerce kişi ulaşımını metro kullanarak sağlamaktadır. Ancak metro ortamı partikül madde, karbondioksit, uçucu organik bileşikler ve kötü kokular başta olmak üzere birçok kirleticiyi barındırmaktadır. Bu kirleticilere maruz kalmanın uzun vadede birçok sağlık sorununa yol açacağı yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda kanıtlanmıştır. Metro istasyonlarında kirletici seviyelerini azaltarak yolcu ve personel konforunu sağlamak amacıyla havalandırma ve iklimlendirme sistemine gerek duyulur. Havalandırma sistemleri, metro ortamında sağlıklı bir iç hava kalitesi yaratırken büyük ölçüde enerji tüketen sistemlerdir. Fanlar, elektrik motorları, karbondioksit miktarı ve diğer ekipmanlarda oluşan kirlilik faktörü havalandırma sistemlerinin tükettiği enerjiye etki etmektedir. Bir ortamın sağlıklı iç hava kalitesine sahip olması, havalandırma sisteminin yeterli performans gösterdiği anlamına gelmektedir. Verimli havalandırma sistemlerinin tasarlanmasıyla ortamda yeterli iç hava kalitesi sağlanırken havalandırma sisteminin enerji tüketimi de azaltılabilir. Bu çalışmada bir metro istasyonunda havalandırma sisteminin nasıl çalıştığı, metro ortamındaki kirleticiler, havalandırma sisteminin tükettiği enerjiye etki eden faktörler incelenmiştir. Enerjiyi daha verimli kullanarak ortamdaki iç hava kalitesini iyileştirebilecek yöntemler önerilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Havalandırma
• iç hava kalitesi
• metro
• hava kirleticileri

Kaynakça

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