INVESTIGATION OF DOSIMETRIC PROPERTIES OF TABLE SUGAR IRRADIATED WITH GAMMA RAYS USING EPR TECHNIQUE

Abstract

In our study, it was observed that the EPR signals of table sugar irradiated with gamma rays at 3 kGy, 5 kGy, 10 kGy increased in proportion to the increasing dose. The fading in the signals was investigated by taking into account the peak-to-peak heights (Ipp) in the EPR spectra of table sugar. The stability of radicals was monitored by performing EPR measurements on sugar samples irradiated with high doses of gamma rays (Co-60) on 29.06.2020, 23.03.2021, 28.06.2021, 05.08.2021. Suitability evaluation was made with Z score, which is a statistical test to determine fading. It was observed that there was almost no loss in the EPR signals of sugar for 14 months. Also table sugar; Similarities have been shown by comparing the EPR spectra of the fruits used in the TS EN 13708 Foodstuffs - Standard for determining whether foodstuffs containing crystal sugars are irradiated by ESR spectroscopy. Thanks to these similarities, it has been suggested that fruits can also be used as dosimeters, depending on the sugar they contain.

Keywords

• Food Irradiation
• fading
• dosimeter
• EN 13708
• EPR
• Z Score

GAMA IŞINLARI İLE IŞINLANMIŞ SOFRA ŞEKERİNİN DOZİMETRİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN EPR TEKNİĞİ İLE İNCELENMESİ

Öz

Gerçekleştirdiğimiz bu çalışmada gama ışınları ile 3 kGy, 5 kGy, 10 kGy olarak ışınlanan sofra şekerine ait EPR sinyalleri artan dozla orantılı olarak arttığı gözlenmiştir. Sofra şekerinin EPR spektrumlarında tepe-tepe yükseklikleri dikkate alınarak (Ipp) sinyallerdeki sönümlenmeleri araştırılmıştır. Yüksek dozdaki gama ışınları (Co-60) ile ışınlanan şeker örneklerinde 29.06.2020, 23.03.2021, 28.06.2021, 05.08.2021 tarihlerinde EPR ölçümleri gerçekleştirilerek radikallerin kararlılığı izlenmiştir. Sönümlemenin belirlenmesi için istatistiksel bir test olan Z skoru ile uygunluk değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Şekere ait EPR sinyallerinde 14 ay boyunca neredeyse hiçbir kaybın olmadığı gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca sofra şekeri; TS EN 13708 Gıda maddeleri - Kristal şeker içeren gıda maddelerinin ışınlanıp ışınlanmadığının ESR spektroskopisi ile belirlenmesi standardı içeriğinde kullanılan meyvelere ait EPR spektrumlarıyla karşılaştırılarak benzerlikler gösterilmiştir. Bu benzerlikler sayesinde içerisindeki şekere bağlı olarak meyvelerin de dozimetre olarak kullanılabileceği önerilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gıda Işınlama
• dozimetre
• sönümleme
• EN 13708
• EPR
• Z Skor

Kaynakça

1. [1] Ikeya, M., New applications of electron spin resonance: dating, dosimetry and microscopy. 1993: World Scientific.
2. [2] Bougai, A., et al., Use of electron paramagnetic resonance dosimetry with tooth enamel for retrospective dose assessment. 2002.
3. [3] Kuntz, F. and A. Strasser, The specifics of dosimetry for food irradiation applications. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 2016. 129: p. 46-49.
4. [4] Mosse, D., ESR/alanine dosimetry applied to radiation processing. International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part C. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 1988. 31(4-6): p. 413-417.
5. [5] Fattibene, P. and F. Callens, EPR dosimetry with tooth enamel: A review. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2010. 68(11): p. 2033-2116.
6. [6] Dionísio, A.P., R.T. Gomes, and M. Oetterer, Ionizing radiation effects on food vitamins: A review. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 2009. 52: p. 1267-1278.
7. [7] Dr. Birol Engin, D.C.A., Dr. Ülkü Rabia Yüce, Talat Aydın, Semra Tepe Çam, Hayrunnisa Demirtaş, Dr. C. Tuğrul Zeyrek Elektron Spin Rezonans (ESR) ve Termolüminesans (TL) Teknikleri İle Gıdaların Gama Işınlari İle Işınlanıp Işınlanmadıklarının Tespit Edilmesi. 2011.
8. [8] Swartz, H.M. and A.B. Flood, EPR biodosimetry: challenges and opportunities. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 2023. 199(14): p. 1441-1449.

9. [9] Wieser, A., et al., Limits of retrospective accident dosimetry by EPR and TL with natural materials. Radiation measurements, 1994. 23(2-3): p. 509-514.
10. [10] Mikou, M., et al., Analysis by EPR of the dosimetric properties of table sugar irradiated by X-rays, gamma rays and neutrons. Physica Medica, 2013. 29: p. e22.
11. [11] El-Ahdal, M., Effect of gamma radiation dose on sugar. 2007.
12. [12] Da Costa, Z., W. Pontuschka, and L. Campos, A comparative study based on dosimetric properties of different sugars. Applied radiation and isotopes, 2005. 62(2): p. 331-336.
13. [13] Özmen, G.B., Dozimetri çalışmalarında EPR tekniğinin kullanılması ve sofra şekerinin dozimetrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi in Nükleer Bilimler Enstitüsü / Medikal Fizik Ana Bilim Dalı / Sağlık Fiziği Bilim Dalı. 2022, Ankara Üniversitesi p. 65.
14. [14] Nakajima, T., Possibility of retrospective dosimetry for persons accidentally exposed to ionizing radiation using electron spin resonance of sugar and mother-of-pearl. The British journal of radiology, 1989. 62(734): p. 148-153.
15. [15] Fattibene, P., T.L. Duckworth, and M.F. Desrosiers, Critical evaluation of the sugar-EPR dosimetry system. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 1996. 47(11): p. 1375-1379.
16. [16] Choi, T.M., S.W. Wallace, and Y. Wang, Big data analytics in operations management. Production and Operations Management, 2018. 27(10): p. 1868-1883.
17. [17] Georgieva, E.R., et al., High-field/ high-frequency EPR study on stable free radicals formed in sucrose by gamma-irradiation. Free Radical Research, 2006. 40(6): p. 553-563.
18. [18] Yordanov, N., V. Gancheva, and E. Georgieva, EPR and UV spectroscopic study of table sugar as a high-dose dosimeter. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 2002. 65(3): p. 269-276.
19. [19] 13708, E., Foodstuffs—detection of irradiated food containing crystalline sugar by ESR spectroscopy. 2001, European Committee of Standardization (CEN) Brussels.
20. [20] Mikou, M., et al., Performance characteristics of the EPR dosimetry system with table sugar in radiotherapy applications. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2015. 99: p. 1-4.
21. [21] El Baydaoui, R., et al., Analysis of dosimetric properties in the field of radiotherapy of glucose irradiated by megavoltage X photons, electrons and analyzed by EPR spectroscopy. Perspectives in Science, 2019. 12: p. 100396.
22. [22] Karakirova, Y. and N. Yordanov, About nonlinear response of SS/EPR dosimetry in high dose region (20–80 kGy). Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 2019. 159: p. 12-16.