Utilizing Alkali Pre- Treated Banana Waste in Sustainable Particleboard Manufacturing

Abstract

Banana (Musa acuminata) cultivation and trade are widespread across various regions and countries globally. Nonetheless, substantial quantities of waste, primarily comprising leaves and stems of the banana plant, are annually disposed of into the environment post-harvest. This study aims to highlight this issue and propose an alternative solution in response to the escalating demand for raw materials. To this end, alkaline pretreatment was administered to particles derived from banana waste leaves and stems using NaOH solutions at concentrations of 1%, 3%, and 5%, followed by board production. Results indicate that water absorption (WA) and thickness swelling (TS) values of the produced boards increased with alkaline treatment. However, the mechanical properties stipulated in the TS-EN 312 (2012) standard were satisfactorily achieved with 1% NaOH treatment, while higher concentrations adversely affected internal bond strength (IB), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and modulus of rupture (MOR). In the surface properties tests of the boards, increasing the alkali concentration decreased values of the surface roughness and the contact angle. Overall, the findings suggest the viability of utilizing banana waste as an alternative resource.

Keywords

• Waste utilization
• alkaline pretreatment
• sustainable materials
• particleboard.

Sürdürülebilir Yongalevha Üretiminde Alkali Ön İşlem Uygulanmış Muz Atığının Kullanımı

Öz

Muz bitkisi (Musa acuminata) dünyanın bir çok bölgesinde ve ülkesinde üretimi ve ticareti yapılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, her yıl muz bitkisinin yaprak ve saplarından oluşan önemli miktarda atık, hasat sonrasında çevreye atılmaktadır. Bu çalışma, bu konuyu vurgulamayı ve artan hammadde talebine yanıt olarak alternatif bir çözüm önermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla, atık halde bulunan muz yaprakları ve gövdelerinden elde edilen yongalara, %1, %3 ve %5 derişimlerde NaOH çözeltileri kullanılarak alkali ön işlemi uygulanmış ve ardından levha üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Üretilen levhaların su alma (SA) ve kalınlığına şişme (KŞ) değerleri alkali işlem derişimi arttıkça yükselmiştir. TS-EN 312 (2012) standardında beklenen mekanik özelliklere %1’lik NaOH işlemi grup örneklerinde ulaşılmıştır. Derişimin daha fazla artması, eğilmede elastikiyet modülü (EM), eğilme direnci (ED) ve yüzeye dik çekme direnci (YDÇD) değerlerinin düşmesine neden olmuştur. Levhaların yüzey özellikleri testlerinde ise, alkali derişiminin artması yüzey pürüzlülüğünü azaltmış, temas açısını düşürmüştür. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları genel olarak, muz atıklarının alternatif bir kaynak olarak kullanılmasının uygulanabilirliğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• atık kullanımı
• alkali ön işlem
• sürdürülebilir malzemeler
• yongalevha

Kaynakça

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