Efficiency Optimization of Multiple Coil Wireless Power Transfer System based on Adaptive Impedance Matching Network

Abstract

A wireless energy transfer system was developed using multiple transmitting coils and a full bridge inverter at 85 kHz. The system consisted of three identical transmitter coils and one receiver coil. The study aimed to assess the impact of a tuned capacity array on the system's efficiency for various receiver coil placements. The experiment was conducted in eight different placements, with and without capacity tuning. The simulation showed that the efficiency ranged from 87.5% to 91.5%, while the experimental study showed efficiency between 87.8% and 91.9% under the same conditions. The tuned capacity array was utilized in both studies, resulting in efficiency ranging between 89.3% and 92.8% in the simulation and between 89.5% and 93.1% in the experimental study. The experiment revealed an increase in efficiency of 1.65%, 1.23%, 1.39%, 2.5%, and 1.28% in five different locations (A→E), respectively, while a decrease of 0.4%, 0.89%, and 0.45% was observed in three other locations (F→H), respectively.

Keywords

• Multi-coil transmitter
• Wireless power transfer
• wireless power transmission efficiency

Kaynakça

1. [1] H. L. Li, A. P. Hu, G. A. Covic, and C. S. Tang, "Optimal coupling condition of IPT system for achieving maximum power transfer," (in English), Electron Lett, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 76-U25, Jan 1 2009, doi: 10.1049/el:20091886.
2. [2] A. Mahesh, B. Chokkalingam, and L. Mihet-Popa, "Inductive Wireless Power Transfer Charging for Electric Vehicles–A Review," Ieee Access, vol. 9, pp. 137667-137713, 2021, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3116678.
3. [3] G. R. Nagendra, G. A. Covic, and J. T. Boys, "Sizing of Inductive Power Pads for Dynamic Charging of EVs on IPT Highways," IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 405-417, 2017, doi: 10.1109/TTE.2017.2666554.
4. [4] S. Kim, A. Zaheer, G. Covic, and J. Boys, "Tripolar pad for inductive power transfer systems," in IECON 2014 - 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 29 Oct.-1 Nov. 2014 2014, pp. 3066-3072, doi: 10.1109/IECON.2014.7048947.
5. [5] J. Deng, W. Li, T. D. Nguyen, S. Li, and C. C. Mi, "Compact and Efficient Bipolar Coupler for Wireless Power Chargers: Design and Analysis," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 30, no. 11, pp. 6130-6140, 2015, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2015.2417115.
6. [6] A. Bharadwaj, A. Sharma, and C. R. Chandupatla, "A Switched Modular Multi-Coil Array Transmitter Pad With Coil Rectenna Sensors to Improve Lateral Misalignment Tolerance in Wireless Power Charging of Drone Systems," IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 2010-2023, 2023, doi: 10.1109/TITS.2022.3220793.
7. [7] A. P. Sample, D. A. Meyer, and J. R. Smith, "Analysis, Experimental Results, and Range Adaptation of Magnetically Coupled Resonators for Wireless Power Transfer," (in English), Ieee Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 544-554, Feb 2011, doi: 10.1109/Tie.2010.2046002.
8. [8] E. S. Lee, D. Kim, and S. Y. Jeong, "Triangular DQ Tx Coils of Wireless EV Chargers for Large Misalignment Tolerances," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 72, no. 11, pp. 14179-14188, 2023, doi: 10.1109/TVT.2023.3288553.

9. [9] V. K. Srivastava and A. Sharma, "Optimized 3-D Polarized-Field Forming for Orientation-Insensitive Wireless Power Transfer Systems," (in English), Ieee Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 69, no. 8, pp. 4999-5007, Aug 2021, doi: 10.1109/Tap.2021.3060140.
10. [10] K. Aditya, V. K. Sood, and S. S. Williamson, "Magnetic Characterization of Unsymmetrical Coil Pairs Using Archimedean Spirals for Wider Misalignment Tolerance in IPT Systems," (in English), Ieee Transactions on Transportation Electrification, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 454-463, Jun 2017, doi: 10.1109/Tte.2017.2673847.
11. [11] C. C. Huang, C. L. Lin, J. J. Kao, J. J. Chang, and G. J. Sheu, "Vehicle Parking Guidance for Wireless Charge Using GMR Sensors," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 67, no. 8, pp. 6882-6894, 2018, doi: 10.1109/TVT.2018.2827069.
12. [12] J. Liu, "Research and Implementation of Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Station Parking Guidance System Based on Mobile Terminal," in 2017 9th International Conference on Intelligent Human-Machine Systems and Cybernetics (IHMSC), 26-27 Aug. 2017 2017, vol. 1, pp. 230-233, doi: 10.1109/IHMSC.2017.60.
13. [13] T. S. Lee, S. J. Huang, S. H. Dai, and J. L. Su, "Design of Misalignment-Insensitive Inductive Power Transfer via Interoperable Coil Module and Dynamic Power Control," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 35, no. 9, pp. 9024-9033, 2020, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2020.2972035.
14. [14] Y. Chen et al., "A Hybrid Inductive Power Transfer System With Misalignment Tolerance Using Quadruple-D Quadrature Pads," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 6039-6049, 2020, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2019.2954906.
15. [15] B. Yang, Y. Chen, W. Ruan, H. Liu, Y. Ren, and R. Mai, "Current Stress Optimization for Double-Sided CLLLC Topology-Based IPT System With Constant Output Current Tolerating Pad Misalignments," IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 1032-1043, 2022, doi: 10.1109/TIA.2021.3125281.
16. [16] J. L. Villa, J. Sallan, J. F. S. Osorio, and A. Llombart, "High-Misalignment Tolerant Compensation Topology For ICPT Systems," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 945-951, 2012, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2011.2161055.
17. [17] J. Kim, D. H. Kim, and Y. J. Park, "Analysis of Capacitive Impedance Matching Networks for Simultaneous Wireless Power Transfer to Multiple Devices," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 2807-2813, 2015, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2014.2365751.
18. [18] J. M. Miller, O. C. Onar, and M. Chinthavali, "Primary-Side Power Flow Control of Wireless Power Transfer for Electric Vehicle Charging," (in English), Ieee Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 147-162, Mar 2015, doi: 10.1109/Jestpe.2014.2382569.
19. [19] E. S. Lee, "Frequency-Modulation-Based IPT With Magnetic Communication for EV Wireless Charging," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 70, no. 2, pp. 1398-1408, 2023, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2022.3158027.
20. [20] E. S. Lee, B. G. Choi, J. S. Choi, D. T. Nguyen, and C. T. Rim, "Wide-Range Adaptive IPT Using Dipole-Coils With a Reflector by Variable Switched Capacitance," (in English), Ieee Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 32, no. 10, pp. 8054-8070, Oct 2017, doi: 10.1109/Tpel.2016.2637931.
21. [21] W. V. Wang, D. J. Thrimawithana, and M. Neuburger, "An Si MOSFET-Based High-Power Wireless EV Charger With a Wide ZVS Operating Range," (in English), Ieee Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 36, no. 10, pp. 11163-11173, Oct 2021, doi: 10.1109/Tpel.2021.3071516.
22. [22] F. Issi and O. Kaplan, "Manyetik Rezonans Kuplajlı Kablosuz Enerji Transfer Sistemi için Empedans Analizi ve Değişken Kapasite Dizisi Uygulaması," Gazi University Journal of Science Part C: Design and Technology, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 1005-1020, December 2020, doi: 10.29109/gujsc.817922.