Model Predictive Control Method for Split Source Inverter Based Photovoltaic and Storage System

Abstract

This paper proposes a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system that includes a storage unit. A split source inverter (SSI) is used for power conversion from PV and batteries to the grid. Since the SSI topology has the voltage boosting feature, it is possible to use a low-voltage PV system and battery. A bidirectional DC/DC converter is connected between the DC bus and the battery for charging and discharging the battery. The system model includes two power converters with six variables that need to be controlled. Two Proportional Integral (PI) controllers are used to generate the input and output current references of the SSI. The grid current reference is generated based on the grid power error, while the input current reference of the SSI is generated based on the DC link voltage error. A Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm is used to generate the reference current of PV panels. The reference of the battery current is generated depending on the difference between the PV and the input current of the SSI. Hence, if the PV power is insufficient for transferring the reference power, the batteries provide the rest of the required power. The control of battery current, SSI’s input current and grid current are achieved by two independent Model Predictive Controllers (MPC). The performance of the proposed system structure and control method is investigated by simulation studies. The steady-state and dynamic response results show that the power transfer from sources to the grid is successfully achieved by the proposed system and control technique. In addition, total harmonic distortion in grid current is within the international limits.

Keywords

• PV system
• Battery Control
• Model Predictive Control

Bölünmüş Kaynaklı Evirici Tabanlı Fotovoltaik ve Depolama Sistemi için Model Öngörülü Kontrol Yöntemi

Öz

Bu makale, depolama ünitesi içeren şebekeye bağlı bir fotovoltaik (PV) sistem önermektedir. PV sistem ve bataryalardan şebekeye güç aktarımı için Bölünmüş Kaynaklı Evirici (BKE) kullanılmıştır. BKE topolojisi gerilim yükseltme özelliğine sahip olduğundan düşük gerilimli PV sistem ve batarya kullanımı mümkün olmuştur. Bataryanın şarj ve deşarjı için DA bara ve batarya arasına çift yönlü bir DA/DA dönüştürücü bağlanmıştır. Sistem modeli, kontrol edilmesi gereken altı değişkene sahip iki güç dönüştürücüsünden oluşmaktadır. BKE’nin giriş ve çıkış akım referanslarını üretmek için iki adet Oransal İntegral (PI) kontrolcü kullanılmıştır. Şebeke akım referansı, güç hatasına göre üretilirken, BKE giriş akımının referansı ise DA tarafındaki kondansatör gerilim hatasına göre üretilmiştir. PV panellerin referans akımını üretmek için Maksimum Güç Noktası Takip (MGNT) algoritması kullanılmıştır. Batarya akımının referansı, PV ile BKE’nin giriş akımı arasındaki farka bağlı olarak üretilmektedir. Dolayısıyla, PV sistemin gücü referans güç değerini transfer etmek için yeterli olmazsa, eksik kalan güç bataryalar tarafından karşılanmaktadır. Batarya akımı, BKE giriş akımı ve şebeke akımının kontrolü iki bağımsız Model Öngörülü Kontrolcü (MÖK) tarafından sağlanmaktadır. Önerilen sistem yapısının ve kontrol yönteminin performansı, gerçekleştirilen simülasyon çalışmalarıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Kararlı durum ve dinamik geçişlere ait sonuçlar, kaynaklardan şebekeye güç transferinin önerilen sistem ve kontrol tekniği tarafından başarıyla sağlandığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca, şebeke akımındaki toplam harmonik bozulma oranı uluslararası sınırlar içindedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fotovoltaik sistem
• Batarya Kontrolü
• Model Öngörülü Kontrol

Kaynakça

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