Investigation of Hydrogen Production Amount of V-Cl Thermochemical Cycle Integrated Into Hybrid Reactor

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 4, 1418 - 1430, 31.12.2025

Medine Özkaya

https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.1754490

https://izlik.org/JA69BE79LF

Öz

Today, hydrogen production largely comes from fossil fuels, which leads to various environmental problems, primarily global warming. Different energy sources are used for hydrogen production. The hydrogen production potential of a thermochemical cycle hydrogen production unit using vanadium chloride (V-Cl) was investigated by integrating a hybrid reactor. Additionally, the rate of hydrogen production in the hydrogen production facility integrated into the reactor was examined. The vanadium-chloride (V-Cl) thermochemical cycle was preferred as a method for hydrogen production. The approximate hydrogen production rate at the beginning and end of the 48-month operation period of the plant was calculated as ~14.95 kg/s and ~21.07kg/s. Furthermore, the total hydrogen production from the hydrogen generation plant integrated into the hybrid reactor during its 48-month operation period has been calculated as 2.53 x 10⁶ tons. As a result, it seems that the hybrid reactor and vanadium chloride (V-Cl) thermochemical cycle are preferable for hydrogen production.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hybrid Reactor , V-Cl Thermochemical Cycle , Vanadium-Chloride , Nuclear Hydrogen

Kaynakça

• [1] Ruan, W. Wang, , M, Abubakar, N. Ahmad, Global Economic Resilience: Developing Green Growth Strategies, Renewable Energy Integration, and Environmental Economics for Sustainability. Renewable Energy, (2025) 123341.
• [2] Y. Gevez, I. Dincer, A novel renewable energy system designed with Mg–Cl thermochemical cycle, desalination and heat storage options. Energy, 283 (2023) 129101.
• [3] S. Erzen, C. Ünal, E. Açıkkalp, A. Hepbasli, Sustainability analysis of a solar driven hydrogen production system using exergy, extended exergy, and thermo-ecological methods: Proposing and comparing of new indices. Energy Conversion and Management, 236 (2021) 114085.
• [4] M. H. A. Khan, T. Sitaraman, N. Haque, G. Leslie, S. Saydam, R. Daiyan, S. Kara, Strategies for life cycle impact reduction of green hydrogen production–Influence of electrolyser value chain design. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 62 (2024) 769-782.
• [5] G. Şener, A. Acır, Utilization of Magnesium Chloride (Mg-Cl) cycle for Hydrogen Production of SOMBRERO Fusion Reactor. Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji, 12:2 (2024) 596-604.
• [6] M. Özkaya, A. Acir, Comparative evaluation of hydrogen production with various chlorine thermochemical cycles integrated in a PACER fusion driver thorium based molten salt reactor. Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 57:6 (2025) 103391.
• [7] R. Pinsky, P. Sabharwall, J. Hartvigsen, J. O’Brien, Comparative review of hydrogen production technologies for nuclear hybrid energy systems. Progress in Nuclear Energy, 123 (2020). 103317.
• [8] A. Acır, M. Özkaya, Performance evaluation of the Fe–Cl and Mg–Cl cycle for hydrogen production of the minor actinide fuelled PACER fusion blanket. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 67 (2024) 634-643.
• [9] G. Genç, Hydrogen production potential of APEX fusion transmuter fueled minor actinide fluoride. International journal of hydrogen energy, 35:19 (2010) 10190-10201.
• [10] S. U. Batgi, I. Dincer, Development of a novel thermochemical cycle without electrolysis step to produce hydrogen. Chemical Engineering Science, (2025) 121292.
• [11] H. Taşkolu, A. Acır, Bir hibrit reaktörde triso kaplamali CANDU nükleer yakit atiklarinin nötronik analizi. Politeknik Dergisi, 16:4 (2013) 129-133.
• [12] G. Şener, A. Acır, Utilization of Magnesium Chloride (Mg-Cl) cycle for Hydrogen Production of SOMBRERO Fusion Reactor. Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji, 12:2 (2024) 596-604.
• [13] M. Özkaya, A. Acır, Ş. Yalçın, Investigation of the hydrogen production of the PACER fusion blanket integrated with Fe–Cl thermochemical water splitting cycle. Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 55:11 (2023) 4287-4294.
• [14] Cengel Y., Boles M., In: Thermodynamics an engineering approach. 2012.
• [15] İnternet: “NIST Chemistry WebBook. URL: http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/;2018.” Son Erişim Tarihi: 28.07.2025
• [16] F. Safari, I. Dincer, Assessment and multi-objective optimization of a vanadium-chlorine thermochemical cycle integrated with algal biomass gasification for hydrogen and power production. Energy Conversion and Management, 253: (2022) 115132.
• [17] S. Asal, G. Genç, A. Acır, Assessment of hydrogen production potential of APEX fusion blanket via cobalt-chlorine and copper-chlorine cycles. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 190: (2024) 1536-1545.
• [18] T. Hai, A. S. El-Shafay, R. Al-Obaidi, B. S. Chauhan, S. F. Almojil, A. I. Almohana, A. F. Alali, An innovative biomass-driven multi-generation system equipped with PEM fuel cells/VCl cycle: Throughout assessment and optimal design via particle swarm algorithm. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 51: (2024) 1264-1279.
• [19] E. Dashtizadeh, M. M. Darestani, S. Rostami, M. Ashjaee, E. Houshfar, Comparative optimization study and 4E analysis of hybrid hydrogen production systems based on PEM, and VCl methods utilizing steel industry waste heat. Energy Conversion and Management, 303: (2024) 118141.
• [20] M. Ishaq, I. Dincer, A clean hydrogen and electricity co-production system based on an integrated plant with small modular nuclear reactor. Energy, 308: (2024) 132834.
• [21] Şahin, S., Yapıcı, H., Bayrak, M. Spent mixed oxide fuel rejuvenation in fusion breeders. Fusion Engineering and Design, 47:1 (1999) 9-23.
• [22] https://www.siemens-energy.com/global/en/home/products-services/product/sgt5-8000h.html#/
• [23] S. Şahin, K. Yıldız, H. M. Şahin, A. Acır, Investigation of CANDU reactors as a thorium burner. Energy Conversion and Management, 47:(13-14) (2006) 1661-1675.
• [24] E. M. Campbell, F. Venneri, Modular helium-cooled reactor. General Atomics. (2006).
• [25] S. Şahin, K. Yıldız, H. M. Şahin, A. Acır, N. Şahin, T. Altınok, Minor actinide burning in a CANDU thorium reactor. Kerntechnik, 71(5-6) (2006) 247-257.
• [26] R. W. Moir, The tandem mirror hybrid reactor. Nuclear Engineering and design, 63(2) (1981) 375-394.
• [27] S. Şahin, H. M. Şahin, A. Acır, T. Al-Kusayer, A. Criticality investigations for the fixed bed nuclear reactor using thorium fuel mixed with plutonium or minor actinides. Annals of Nuclear Energy, 36(8) (2009) 1032-1038.