Tarımsal atık dolguların E-cam lifi/epoksi tabakalı kompozitlerin eğilme, sertlik ve darbe özellikleri üzerindeki etkisi

Öz

Tarımsal üretimin yan ürünü olarak ortaya çıkan fındık ve ceviz kabuğu, yüksek selüloz–lignin içeriği ve sert yapıları nedeniyle kompozit malzemelerde sürdürülebilir dolgu alternatifi olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, bu iki atık kaynağın E-glass/epoksi tabakalı kompozitlerin mekanik performansı üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Dolgular matrise tekil (%1 ve %3) ve hibrit (%2 ve %6) oranlarda eklenmiş; numuneler üç nokta eğilme, Shore D sertlik ve çentik darbe testlerine tabi tutulmuştur. Sonuçlar, dolgu tipinin mekanik davranış üzerinde belirleyici olduğunu göstermiştir. Fındık kabuğu katkısı özellikle %3 oranında eğilme dayanımını anlamlı biçimde artırırken, ceviz kabuğu katkısı darbe dayanımında belirgin iyileşme sağlamıştır. Her iki doğal dolgu türü de yüzey sertliğini artırmış; hibrit sistem ise düşük oranlarda kısmi avantaj sunmasına rağmen yüksek içeriklerde mekanik performansı düşürmüştür. Elde edilen bulgular, fındık ve ceviz kabuğu gibi tarımsal atıkların epoksi esaslı kompozitlerde çevre dostu ve düşük maliyetli dolgu malzemeleri olarak değerlendirilebileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tabakalı kompozit
• ceviz kabuğu tozu
• fındık kabuğu tozu
• mekanik özellikler

Effect of agricultural waste fillers on the bending, hardness and impact properties of E-glass/epoxy laminates

Abstract

Hazelnut and walnut shells, which emerge as by-products of agricultural production, attract attention as sustainable filler alternatives in composite materials due to their high cellulose–lignin content and rigid structure. In this study, the effects of these two waste sources on the mechanical performance of E-glass/epoxy laminated composites were investigated. Fillers were added to the matrix individually (1% and 3%) and in hybrid form (2% and 6%); the samples were subjected to three-point bending, Shore D hardness, and notched impact tests. The results showed that the filler type was decisive for mechanical behavior. Hazelnut shell addition significantly increased flexural strength, especially at 3%, while walnut shell addition provided a marked improvement in impact resistance. Both natural filler types enhanced surface hardness; although the hybrid system offered partial advantages at low ratios, it reduced mechanical performance at higher contents. The findings reveal that agricultural wastes such as hazelnut and walnut shells can be considered environmentally friendly and cost-effective filler materials in epoxy-based composites.

Keywords

• Laminated composites
• walnut shell powder
• hazelnut shell powder
• mechanical properties

Kaynakça

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