An EPD-Based Comparative Assessment of the Fossil Global Warming Potential of Wood-Based Materials Used in Furniture Production

Öz

This study compares the cradle-to-gate (A1–A3) fossil global warming potential (GWP-fossil) of five wood-based products used in furniture production: kiln-dried and planed sawn timber, raw particleboard, melamine-faced particleboard, raw medium-density fibreboard (MDF), and lacquered MDF. To improve methodological consistency, manufacturer-specific EPDs issued in 2021 for products from the same manufacturer and compliant with EN 15804+A2 were selected. All results weret harmonised to a declared unit of 1 m³, and only the A1–A3 GWP-fossil indicator was evaluated. The values were 101.00 kg CO₂e/m³ for sawn timber, 147.00 kg CO₂e/m³ for raw particleboard, 222.48 kg CO₂e/m³ for melamine-faced particleboard, 379.00 kg CO₂e/m³ for raw MDF, and 492.55 kg CO₂e/m³ for lacquered MDF. Sawn timber had the lowest value, whereas lacquered MDF was approximately 4.88 times higher. Differences between untreated and surface finished product pairs indicate the contribution of resin use, fibre preparation, hot pressing, and finishing processes to fossil greenhouse-gas emissions. Nevertheless, the findings are limited to one manufacturer, one impact indicator, and product-category-specific EPD/PCR conditions. The study demonstrates that sustainable material selection in the furniture sector requires verified, current, and methodologically harmonised EPD data. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Wood-based composites
• Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
• Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)
• Sustainable material selection
• Global Warming Potential (GWP)

Mobilya Üretiminde Kullanılan Ahşap Esaslı Malzemelerin Fosil Küresel Isınma Potansiyelinin EPD Tabanlı Karşılaştırmalı Değerlendirmesi

Öz

Bu çalışma, mobilya üretiminde yaygın olarak kullanılan beş ahşap esaslı ürünün beşikten kapıya (A1–A3) fosil küresel ısınma potansiyelini (GWP-fosil) EPD verileri üzerinden karşılaştırmaktadır. İncelenen ürünler kurutulmuş ve planyalanmış masif kereste, ham yonga levha, melamin kaplı yonga levha, ham MDF ve lake MDF’dir. Karşılaştırılabilirliği artırmak amacıyla aynı üreticiye ait, 2021 yılında yayımlanmış ve EN 15804+A2 standardına uygun üreticiye özgü EPD’ler seçilmiş; sonuçlar 1 m³ deklarasyon birimine dönüştürülmüştür. Yalnızca A1–A3 GWP-fosil göstergesi değerlendirilmiştir. GWP-fosil değerleri masif kereste için 101,00; ham yonga levha için 147,00; melamin kaplı yonga levha için 222,48; ham MDF için 379,00 ve lake MDF için 492,55 kg CO₂e/m³ olarak belirlenmiştir. Masif kereste en düşük değeri gösterirken lake MDF’nin değeri yaklaşık 4,88 kat daha yüksektir. Ham ve yüzey işlemi görmüş ürün çiftleri arasındaki farklar, reçine kullanımı, lif hazırlama, sıcak presleme ve yüzey bitirme süreçlerinin fosil kaynaklı emisyonlarla ilişkisini ortaya koymaktadır. Bununla birlikte sonuçlar tek üretici, tek etki göstergesi ve ürün gruplarına özgü EPD/PCR koşullarıyla sınırlıdır. Bulgular, mobilya sektöründe malzeme seçiminin doğrulanmış, güncel ve metodolojik açıdan uyumlu EPD verileri üzerinden gerçekleştirilmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ahşap esaslı kompozitler
• Yaşam Döngüsü Değerlendirmesi (YDD)
• Çevresel Ürün Beyanı (EPD)
• Sürdürülebilir malzeme seçimi
• Küresel Isınma Potansiyeli (GWP)

Kaynakça

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