Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Alüminyum Magnezyum Alaşımlarının Sürtünme Karıştırma Kaynağı İle Kaynak Edilebilirliğinin Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 191 - 209, 25.06.2017

Öz

Hava, kara ve deniz taşımacılığında
kullanılan araçlarda sera gazı emisyonlarını azaltmanın ve enerji korunumu
artırmanın en iyi yollarından biri alüminyum ve magnezyum gibi daha hafif ve dayanıklı
malzemeler kullanmaktır. Fakat her iki metalin klasik ergitme kaynak yöntemleri
ile birleştirilmelerinin zor olması ve özel işlem gerektirmeleri Al ve Mg
alaşımlarının ortak yapılarda kullanımlarını sınırlandırmıştır. Bu çalışmada
sürtünme karıştırma kaynak (SKK) yöntemi kullanılarak Al/Mg alaşımlarının
birleştirilmesiyle ilgili yapılan çalışmalar değerlendirilerek, SKK yönteminin
de kullanılan değişkenlerin (ilerleme hızı, devir sayısı, eğim açısı, eksenel
dalma kuvveti, takım tasarımı, takım kaydırma mesafesi ve malzemelerin
pozisyonları); kaynak kalitesi, mikro yapı ve mekanik özellikler üzerine
etkileri incelenmiştir. Al/Mg malzeme çiftinin SKK yöntemi ile
birleştirilmesinde kaynak kalitesini etkileyen en önemli unsur birleşme
bölgesinde oluşan gevrek yapıdaki Al
3Mg2 (β) ve Al12Mg17 (γ)
intermetalik bileşiklerdir. Al/Mg alaşımların SKK yöntemi ile
birleştirilmesinde kaynak bölgesinin çekme dayanımı, ana metal Al alaşımının çekme
dayanımının % 60 üstünde oluşabilmektedir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Gazi Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi

Proje Numarası

59/2016-01

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma, Gazi Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi tarafından “BAP 59/2016-01” kodlu proje ile desteklenmiştir. Desteklerinden dolayı Gazi Üniversitesine teşekkür ederiz.

Kaynakça

  • Mehta, K. P. and Badheka, V. J., “Effects of tilt angle on the properties of dissimilar friction stir welding copper to aluminum”, Materials and Manufacturing Processes, Cilt 31, No 3, 255–263, 2016.
  • Mehta, K. P. and Badheka, V. J., “A review on dissimilar friction stir welding of copper to aluminum: process, properties and variants”, Materials and Manufacturing Processes, Cilt 31, No 3, 233–254, 2016.
  • Thomas, W., Nicholas, E., Needham, J., Murch M., Temple-Smith P. and Dawes C., “Friction stir butt welding”, İnternational Patent No. PCT/GB92/02203, GB Patent No. 9125978.8, 1991, U.S. Patent No. 5,460,317, 1995.
  • Mishra, R.S. and Ma, Z.Y. “Friction stir welding and processing”, Material Science and Engineering R, Cilt 50, No 1-2, 1–78, 2005. [5] Nandan, R., Debroy, T., Bhadeshia, B., “Recent advances in friction stir welding- process, weldment structure and properties”, Prog. Mater. Sci., Cilt 53, No 6, 980–1023, 2008.
  • Chen, Y.C. and Nakata, K., “Effect of the surface state of steel on the microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar metal lap joints of aluminum and steel by friction stir welding”, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, Cilt 39, No 8, 1985–1992, 2008.
  • Springer, H., Kostka, A., dos Santos, J. F. and Raabe, D., “Influence of intermetallic phases and Kirkendall-porosity on the mechanical properties of joints between steel and aluminium alloys”, Mater Sci Eng A, Cilt 528, No 13 – 14, 4630–4642, 2011.
  • Watanabe, T., Takayama, H. and Yanagisawa, A. “Joining of aluminum alloy to steel by friction stir welding”, J Mater Process Technol, Cilt 178, No 1 – 3, 342–349, 2006.
  • Chen, Y.C. and Nakata, K., “Effect of surface states of steel on microstructure and mechanical properties of lap joints of magnesium alloy and steel by friction stir welding”, Sci. Technol. Weld. Joining, Cilt 15, No 4, 293–298, 2010.
  • Galvao, I., Verdera, D., Gesto, D., Loureiro, A. and Rodrigues, D.M., “Influence of aluminium alloy type on dissimilar friction stir lap welding of aluminium to copper”, J. Mater. Process. Technol, Cilt 213, No 11, 1920–1928, 2013.
  • Liao, J. S., Yamamoto, N., Liu, H. and Nakata, K., “Microstructure at friction stir lap joint interface of pure titanium and steel” Mater. Lett., Cilt 64, No 21, 2317–2320, 2010.
  • Kostka, A., Coelho, R. S., Dos Santos, J. and Pyzalla, A. R., “Microstructure of friction stir welding of aluminium alloy to magnesium alloy”, Scr Mater, Cilt 60, No 11, 953–956, 2009.
  • Venkateswaran, P., Xu, Z. H., Li, X. and Reynolds, A. P., “Determination of mechanical properties of Al–Mg alloys dissimilar friction stir welded interface by indentation methods”, J Mater Sci, Cilt 44, No 15, 4140–4147, 2009.
  • Yutaka, S. S., Park, S. H. C., Masato, M. and Hiroyuki, K., “Constitutional liquation during dissimilar friction stir welding of Al and Mg alloys”, Scripta Mater, Cilt 50, No 9, 1233–1236, 2004.
  • Kurt, A., Boz, M. and Özdemir, M. “Sürtünme Karıştırma Kaynağında Kaynak Hızının Birleşebilirliğe Etkisi”, Gazi Üniv., Müh. Mim. Fak. Derg., Cilt 19, No 2, 191-197, 2004.
  • Zhang, Y. N., Cao, X., Larose, S. and Wanjara, P., “Review of tools for friction stir welding and processing”, Can. Metall. Q., Cilt 51, No 3:250–261, 2012.
  • Salih, O. S., Ou, H., Sun, W. and McCartney, D.G.,”A review of friction stir welding of aluminium matrix composites”, Materials and Design, Cilt 86, 61–71, 2015.
  • Külekçi, M. K. and Şik, A. “Sürtünme karıştırma kaynağı ile alüminyum alaşımı levhaların birleştirilmesi ve elde edilen kaynakli bağlantilarin özellikleri”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt 7, No 3, 70–75, 2003.
  • Külekçi, M. and Şik, A. “Effects of tool rotation and traverse speed on fatigue properties of friction stir welded AA1050-H18 aluminum alloy”, Archives of Metallurgy and Materials, Cilt 51, No 2, 213–216, 2006.
  • Cam, G. “Sürtünme karıştırma kaynağında kullanılan takımlardakı gelişmeler”, TMMOB M.M.O. “Kaynak Teknolojisi İV. Ulusal Kongre ve Sergisi”. 47-62, 2003.
  • Kurt, A., Boz, M. “The influence of stirrer geometry on bonding and mechanical properties in friction stir welding process”, Materials & Design, Cilt 25, No 4, 343-347, 2004.
  • Kurt, A., Boz, M., Özdemir, N. “Sürtünme Karıştırma Kaynağında Kaynak Hızının Birleşebilirliğe Etkisi”, G.Ü. Müh. Mim. Fak. Derg., Cilt 19, No 2, 191-197, 2004
  • Kaluç, E. ve Bozduman, B. “Sürtünen eleman ile birleştirme kaynak yöntemi”, Makine Magazin, Cilt 27, 1998.
  • Xu, S., “Microstructure analysis and solid mechanics modeling of friction stir welding”, PhD Thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering & İnformation Technology, University of South Carolina, 2003.
  • Uzun, H., Yilmaz, R. ve Fındık, F., “Alüminyum Alaşımları için Süper Birleştirme Yöntemi: Sürtünme Karıştırma Kaynak Tekniği ve Uygulamaları”, Metal Dünyasi, Cilt 118: 75-82, 2003.
  • Rai, R., De, A., Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H. and DebRoy, T., “Review: Friction stir welding tools”, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, Cilt 16, No 4, 325–342, 2011.
  • Azizieh, M., Alavijeh, A. S., Abbasi, M., Balak, Z. and Kim, H. S., “Mechanical properties and microstructural evaluation of AA1100 to AZ31 dissimilar friction stir welds”, Materials Chemistry and Physics, Cilt 170, 251-260, 2016.
  • Feng, J. C., Wang, Y. R. and Zhang, Z. D., “Status and expectation of research on welding of magnesium alloy”, The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, Cilt 15, No 2, 165−178, 2005.
  • Cao, X., Jahazi, M., Immarigeon, J. P. and Wallace, W., “A review of laser welding techniques for magnesium alloys”, Journal of Mater Process Technol, Cilt 171, No 2, 188−204, 2006.
  • Hui, L., Ming, Q. and Da, L., “The effect of intermetallic compounds on laser weldability of dissimilar metal joint between magnesium alloy AZ31B and aluminum alloy 6061”, Laser Journal, Cilt 28, No 5, 61−63, 2007.
  • Wang, J., Feng, J. C. and Wang, Y. X., “Microstructure of Al–Mg dissimilar weld made by cold metal transfer MİG welding”, Mater Sci Technol, Cilt 24, No 7, 827−831, 2008.
  • Kwon, Y. J., Shigematsu, I. and Saito, N., “Dissimilar friction stir welding between magnesium and aluminum alloys”, Mater Lett, Cilt 62, No 23, 3827−3829, 2008.
  • Zeng, R., Ke, W., Xu, Y., Han, E. and Zhu, Z., “Recent development and application of magnesium alloys”, Acta Metallurgica Sinica, Cilt 37, No 7, 673−685, 2001.
  • Larsson, J. K., “Overview of joining technologies in the automotive industry”, Welding Res Abroad, Cilt 49, No 6, 29−45, 2003.
  • Chowdhury, S. H., Chen, D.L., Bhole, S. D., Cao, X. and Wanjara, P., “Lap shear strength and fatigue behavior of friction stir spot welded dissimilar magnesium-to-aluminum joints with adhesive”, Materials Science & Engineering A, Cilt 562, 53–60, 2013.
  • Yan, J., Xu, Z., Li, Z., Li, L. and Yang, S., “Microstructure characteristics and performance of dissimilar welds between magnesium alloy and aluminum formed by friction stirring” Scripta Materialia, Cilt 53, No 5, 585–589, 2005.
  • Mohammadi, J., Behnamian, Y., Mostafaei, A., Izadi, H., Saeid, T., Kokabi, A.H. and Gerlich, A.P., “Friction stir welding joint of dissimilar materials between AZ31B magnesium and 6061 aluminum alloys: Microstructure studies and mechanical characterizations” Materials Characterization, Cilt 101, 189–207, 2015.
  • Sweeder, T., “Demand for Lightweight Technology”, Magnesium Expo, Michigan-USA, 2000.
  • Fu, B., Qin, G., Li, F., Meng, X., Zhang, J. and Wu, C., “Friction stir welding process of dissimilar metals of 6061-T6aluminum alloy to AZ31B magnesium alloy”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Cilt 218, 38–47, 2015.
  • Venkateswaran, P. and Reynolds, AP., “Factors affecting the properties of friction stir welds between aluminum and magnesium alloys”, Mater Sci. Eng. A, Cilt 545, 26–37, 2012.
  • Liu, P., Li, Y. J., Geng, H. R. and Wang, J.,”Microstructure characteristics in TIG welded joint of Mg/Al dissimilar materials”, Mater Lett, Cilt 61, No 6, 1288–91, 2007.
  • Borrisutthekul, R., Miyashita, Y. and Mutoh, Y., “Dissimilar material laser welding between magnesium alloy AZ31B and aluminium alloy A5052-O”, Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater., Cilt 6, No 2, 199–204, 2005.
  • Liu, L. M., Wang, H. Y. and Zhang, Z. D., “The analysis of laser weld bonding of Al alloy to Mg alloy”, Scripta Mater, Cilt 56, No 6, 473–478, 2007.
  • Zhao Y., Lu Z., Yan K. and Huang L., “Microstructural characterizations and mechanical properties in underwater friction stir welding of aluminum and magnesium dissimilar alloys”, Materials and Design, Cilt 65, 675–681, 2015.
  • Ben-Artzy, A., Munitz, A., Kohn, G., Brining, B. and Shtechman, A. “Joining of light hybrid constructions made of magnesium and aluminum alloys”, Magnesium Technology, 295-302, 2002.
  • American Society for Metals. Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams 1: 106, ASM İnternational, Materials Park, Ohio, 1986.
  • Wang, J., Li Y. J., Liu, P. and Geng, H. R., “Microstructure and XRD analysis in the interface zone of Mg-Al diffusion bonding”, J. Mater. Process. Technol, Cilt 205, No 1 -3, 146–150, 2008.
  • Hajjari, E., Divandari, M., Razavi, S. H., Emami, S.M., Homma, T. and Kamado, S. “Dissimilar joining of Al Mg light metals by compound casting process”, J. Mater. Sci., Cilt 46, No 20, 6491– 6499, 2011.
  • Kafalı, H. and Ay, N., “Havacılıkta kullanılan 6013-T6 alüminyum alaşımının sürtünme karıştırma kaynağıyla birleştirilmesi”, S.D.Ü. Fen Bil. Ens. Dergisi, Cilt 18, No 1, 38-47, 2014.
  • Kafalı, H. and Ay, N., “Sürtünme karıştırma kaynağıyla birleştirilmiş havacılık ve uzay yapılarında kullanılan Al 6013-T6 alaşımının mikroyapı ve mekanik özelliklerinin incelenmesi”, Havacilik ve Uzay Teknolojileri Dergisi, Cilt 7, No 2, 85-101, 2014.
  • Nandan, R., Roy, G. G., and DebRoy, T. “Numerical simulation of three-dimensional heat transfer and plastic flow during friction stir welding”, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Cilt 37, No 4, 1247–1259, 2006.
  • Cho, J. H., Boyce, D. E., and Dawson, P. R. “Modeling strain hardening and texture evolution in friction stir welding of stainless steel”, Materials Science and Engineering A, Cilt 398, No 1 -2, 146–163, 2005.
  • Cho, J. H., Boyce, D. E., and Dawson, P. R. “Modelling strain hardening during friction stir welding of stainless steel”, Model. Sim. in Mat. Sci. and Eng., Cilt 15: 469–486, 2007.
  • Nandan, R, Lienert, TJ, DebRoy, T. “Toward reliable calculations of heat and plastic flow during friction stir welding of Ti– 6Al–4V alloy”, İnt J Mater Res, Cilt 99, No 4, 434–44, 2008.
  • Firouzdor, V. and Kou, S., “Al-to-Mg friction stir welding: effect of positions of Al and Mg with respect to the welding tool”, The Welding Journal, Cilt 88, 213-224, 2009
  • Cao, X. and Jahazi, M., “Friction stir welding of dissimilar AA 2024-T3 to AZ31B-H24 alloys”, Materials Science Forum, Cilt 638-642, 3661-3666, 2010.
  • Çevik, B., Özçatalbaş, Y., Gülenç, B.“SKK ile birleştirilen 7075-T651 Al Alaşımının mikroyapı ve mekanik özelliklerine devir sayısının etkisi”, 3. İnt. Conference on Welding Technologies and Exhibition (İCWET’14), 658-668, May 2014, Manisa.
  • Çevik, B., Özçatalbaş, Y., Gülenç, B. “Friction stir welding of 7075-T651 aluminium Alloy” Practical Metallography, Cilt 53, No 1, 6-23, 2016.
  • Çevik, B., Özçatalbaş, Y., Gülenç, B.“ Effect of tool material on microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welding” ,Materials Testing, Cilt 58, No 1, 36-42, 2016.
  • Çevik, B., Özçatalbaş, Y., Gülenç, B. “Effect of welding speed on the mechanical properties and weld defects of 7075 Al alloy joined by FSW”, Kovove Mater., Cilt 54, No 4, 241–247, 2016.
  • Morishige, T., Kawaguchi, A., Tsujikawa M., Hino M., Hirata T. and Higashi K., “Dissimilar Welding of Al and Mg Alloys by FSW”, Materials Transactions, 49(5):1129-1131, 2008.
  • Pourahmad, P. and Abbasi, M., “Materials flow and phase transformation in friction stir welding of Al 6013/Mg”, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, Cilt 23, No 5, 1253−1261, 2013.
  • Yamamoto, N., Liao, J., Watanabe, S. and Nakata, K., “Effect of intermetallic compound layer on tensile strength of dissimilar friction-stir weld of a high strength Mg alloy and Al alloy” Materials Transactions, Cilt 50, No 12, 2833-2838, 2009.
  • Jagadeesha, C.B., “Dissimilar friction stir welding between aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy at a low rotational speed”, Materials Science & Engineering A, Cilt 616, 55–62, 2014.
  • Liua, C., Chena, D. L., Bholea, S., Caob, X. and Jahazib, M.,” Polishing-assisted galvanic corrosion in the dissimilar friction stir welded joint of AZ31 Magnesium alloy to 2024 Aluminum alloy”, C. Materials Characterization, Cilt 60, No 5, 370 – 376, 2009.
  • Malarvizhi, S. and Balasubramanian, V., “Influences of tool shoulder diameter to plate thickness ratio (D/T) on stir zone formation and tensile properties of friction stir welded dissimilar joints of AA6061 aluminum–AZ31B magnesium alloys”, Materials and Design, Cilt 40, 453–460, 2012.
  • Somasekharan, A. C. and Murr, L. E., “Characterization of complex, solid-state flow and mixing in the friction-stir welding (FSW) of aluminum alloy 6061-T6 to magnesium alloy AZ91D using color metallography”, J Mater Sci, Cilt 41, No 16, 5365–5370, 2006.
  • Masoudian, A., Tahaei, A., Shakiba, A., Sharifianjazi, F. and Mohandesi, J. A., “Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir weld of dissimilar AZ31-O magnesium alloy to 6061-T6 aluminum alloy” Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, Cilt 24, No 5, 1317−1322, 2014.
  • Somasekharan, A.C. and Murr, L.E. “Microstructures in friction-stir welded dissimilar magnesium alloys and magnesium alloys to 6061-T6 aluminum alloy”, Materials Characterization, Cilt 52, No 1, 49– 64, 2004.
  • Somasekharan, A.C. and Murr, L.E., “Fundamental studies of the friction-stir welding of magnesium alloys to 6061-T6 aluminum”, Magnesium Technology, 31-36, 2004.
  • Simoncini, M. and Forcellese, A., “Effect of the welding parameters and tool configuration on micro- and macro-mechanical properties of similar and dissimilar FSWed joints in AA5754 and AZ31 thin sheets”, Materials and Design, Cilt 41, 50–60, 2012.
  • Firouzdor, V. and Kou, S., “Al-to-Mg friction stir welding: effect of material position, travel speed and rotation speed”, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Cilt 41, No 11, 2914-2935, 2010.
  • Zettler, R., Augusto, A., da Silva, M., Rodrigues, S., Blanco A. and dos Santos J. F., “Dissimilar Al to Mg alloy friction stir welds”, Advanced Engineering Materials, Cilt 8, No 5, 415-421, 2006.
  • Morishige, T., Hirata, T., and Tanaka, T.: Preprints of The National Meeting of J.W.S, 85, 220– 221, 2009.
  • Pepe, J. J., and Savage, W. F. “Effects of constitutional liquation in 18-Ni maraging steel weldment”, Welding Journal, Cilt 46, No 9, 411-422, 1967.
  • Pepe, J. J., and Savage, W. F. “Weld heat-affected zone of the 18Ni maraging steels”, Welding Journal, Cilt 49, No 12, 545-553, 1970.
  • Kou, S. “Welding Metallurgy”, 2nd edition, John Wiley and Sons, 303–339, (2003), New York, N.Y.
  • Yang, Y. K., Dong, H., Cao, H., Chang, Y. A., and Kou, S. “Liquation of Mg alloys in friction-stir spot welding”, Welding Journal, Cilt 87, 167-177, 2008.
  • Yang, Y. K., Dong, H. and Kou, S., “Liquation tendency and liquid-film formation in friction stir spot welding”, Welding Journal, Cilt 87, No 8, 202-211, 2008.
  • Çakır, C., “Modern talaşli imalatin esaslari”, Nobel Yay Dağ.,69-75, 2006, Ankara
  • Bergmann, J. P., Schuerer, R. and Ritter, K., “Friction stir welding of tailored blanks of aluminum and magnesium alloys”, Key Engineering Materials , Cilt 549, 492-499, 2013.
  • Seidel, T. U. and Reynolds, A. P., “Visualization of the material flow in AA2195 friction-stir welds using a marker insert technique” Metallurgical and materials transactions A, Cilt 32, No 11, 2879-2884, 2001.
  • Khodir, S. A. and Shibayanagi, T., “Dissimilar friction stir welded joints between 2024-T3 aluminum alloy and AZ31 magnesium alloy”, Materials Transactions, Cilt 48, No 9, 2501 – 2505, 2007.
  • Firouzdor, V. and Kou, S., “Formation of liquid and intermetallics in Al-to-Mg friction stir welding”, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Cilt 41, No 12, 3238-3251, 2010.
  • Klag, O., Wagner, G. and Otmar D. E., “Mechanical properties of friction stir welded Mg/Mg- and Mg/Al-joints”, Advanced Engineering Materials, Cilt 12, No 12, 1212-1219, 2010.
  • Cao, G. and Ko,u S., “Liquation cracking in full penetration Al-Si welds” Welding Journal, Cilt 84, No 4, 63-71, 2005.
  • Park, S.H.C., Sato, Y.S., Kokawa, H., “Microstructural evolution and its effect on Hall-Petch relationship in friction stir welding of thixomolded Mg alloy AZ91”, Mater Sci., Cilt 38i No 21, 4379-4383, 2003.
  • Yan Y., Zhang D., Qiu C. and Zhang W., “Dissimilar friction stir welding between 5052 aluminum alloy and AZ31 magnesium alloy”, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, Cilt 20, No 2, 619−623, 2010.
Yıl 2017, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 191 - 209, 25.06.2017

Öz

Proje Numarası

59/2016-01

Kaynakça

  • Mehta, K. P. and Badheka, V. J., “Effects of tilt angle on the properties of dissimilar friction stir welding copper to aluminum”, Materials and Manufacturing Processes, Cilt 31, No 3, 255–263, 2016.
  • Mehta, K. P. and Badheka, V. J., “A review on dissimilar friction stir welding of copper to aluminum: process, properties and variants”, Materials and Manufacturing Processes, Cilt 31, No 3, 233–254, 2016.
  • Thomas, W., Nicholas, E., Needham, J., Murch M., Temple-Smith P. and Dawes C., “Friction stir butt welding”, İnternational Patent No. PCT/GB92/02203, GB Patent No. 9125978.8, 1991, U.S. Patent No. 5,460,317, 1995.
  • Mishra, R.S. and Ma, Z.Y. “Friction stir welding and processing”, Material Science and Engineering R, Cilt 50, No 1-2, 1–78, 2005. [5] Nandan, R., Debroy, T., Bhadeshia, B., “Recent advances in friction stir welding- process, weldment structure and properties”, Prog. Mater. Sci., Cilt 53, No 6, 980–1023, 2008.
  • Chen, Y.C. and Nakata, K., “Effect of the surface state of steel on the microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar metal lap joints of aluminum and steel by friction stir welding”, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, Cilt 39, No 8, 1985–1992, 2008.
  • Springer, H., Kostka, A., dos Santos, J. F. and Raabe, D., “Influence of intermetallic phases and Kirkendall-porosity on the mechanical properties of joints between steel and aluminium alloys”, Mater Sci Eng A, Cilt 528, No 13 – 14, 4630–4642, 2011.
  • Watanabe, T., Takayama, H. and Yanagisawa, A. “Joining of aluminum alloy to steel by friction stir welding”, J Mater Process Technol, Cilt 178, No 1 – 3, 342–349, 2006.
  • Chen, Y.C. and Nakata, K., “Effect of surface states of steel on microstructure and mechanical properties of lap joints of magnesium alloy and steel by friction stir welding”, Sci. Technol. Weld. Joining, Cilt 15, No 4, 293–298, 2010.
  • Galvao, I., Verdera, D., Gesto, D., Loureiro, A. and Rodrigues, D.M., “Influence of aluminium alloy type on dissimilar friction stir lap welding of aluminium to copper”, J. Mater. Process. Technol, Cilt 213, No 11, 1920–1928, 2013.
  • Liao, J. S., Yamamoto, N., Liu, H. and Nakata, K., “Microstructure at friction stir lap joint interface of pure titanium and steel” Mater. Lett., Cilt 64, No 21, 2317–2320, 2010.
  • Kostka, A., Coelho, R. S., Dos Santos, J. and Pyzalla, A. R., “Microstructure of friction stir welding of aluminium alloy to magnesium alloy”, Scr Mater, Cilt 60, No 11, 953–956, 2009.
  • Venkateswaran, P., Xu, Z. H., Li, X. and Reynolds, A. P., “Determination of mechanical properties of Al–Mg alloys dissimilar friction stir welded interface by indentation methods”, J Mater Sci, Cilt 44, No 15, 4140–4147, 2009.
  • Yutaka, S. S., Park, S. H. C., Masato, M. and Hiroyuki, K., “Constitutional liquation during dissimilar friction stir welding of Al and Mg alloys”, Scripta Mater, Cilt 50, No 9, 1233–1236, 2004.
  • Kurt, A., Boz, M. and Özdemir, M. “Sürtünme Karıştırma Kaynağında Kaynak Hızının Birleşebilirliğe Etkisi”, Gazi Üniv., Müh. Mim. Fak. Derg., Cilt 19, No 2, 191-197, 2004.
  • Zhang, Y. N., Cao, X., Larose, S. and Wanjara, P., “Review of tools for friction stir welding and processing”, Can. Metall. Q., Cilt 51, No 3:250–261, 2012.
  • Salih, O. S., Ou, H., Sun, W. and McCartney, D.G.,”A review of friction stir welding of aluminium matrix composites”, Materials and Design, Cilt 86, 61–71, 2015.
  • Külekçi, M. K. and Şik, A. “Sürtünme karıştırma kaynağı ile alüminyum alaşımı levhaların birleştirilmesi ve elde edilen kaynakli bağlantilarin özellikleri”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt 7, No 3, 70–75, 2003.
  • Külekçi, M. and Şik, A. “Effects of tool rotation and traverse speed on fatigue properties of friction stir welded AA1050-H18 aluminum alloy”, Archives of Metallurgy and Materials, Cilt 51, No 2, 213–216, 2006.
  • Cam, G. “Sürtünme karıştırma kaynağında kullanılan takımlardakı gelişmeler”, TMMOB M.M.O. “Kaynak Teknolojisi İV. Ulusal Kongre ve Sergisi”. 47-62, 2003.
  • Kurt, A., Boz, M. “The influence of stirrer geometry on bonding and mechanical properties in friction stir welding process”, Materials & Design, Cilt 25, No 4, 343-347, 2004.
  • Kurt, A., Boz, M., Özdemir, N. “Sürtünme Karıştırma Kaynağında Kaynak Hızının Birleşebilirliğe Etkisi”, G.Ü. Müh. Mim. Fak. Derg., Cilt 19, No 2, 191-197, 2004
  • Kaluç, E. ve Bozduman, B. “Sürtünen eleman ile birleştirme kaynak yöntemi”, Makine Magazin, Cilt 27, 1998.
  • Xu, S., “Microstructure analysis and solid mechanics modeling of friction stir welding”, PhD Thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering & İnformation Technology, University of South Carolina, 2003.
  • Uzun, H., Yilmaz, R. ve Fındık, F., “Alüminyum Alaşımları için Süper Birleştirme Yöntemi: Sürtünme Karıştırma Kaynak Tekniği ve Uygulamaları”, Metal Dünyasi, Cilt 118: 75-82, 2003.
  • Rai, R., De, A., Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H. and DebRoy, T., “Review: Friction stir welding tools”, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, Cilt 16, No 4, 325–342, 2011.
  • Azizieh, M., Alavijeh, A. S., Abbasi, M., Balak, Z. and Kim, H. S., “Mechanical properties and microstructural evaluation of AA1100 to AZ31 dissimilar friction stir welds”, Materials Chemistry and Physics, Cilt 170, 251-260, 2016.
  • Feng, J. C., Wang, Y. R. and Zhang, Z. D., “Status and expectation of research on welding of magnesium alloy”, The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, Cilt 15, No 2, 165−178, 2005.
  • Cao, X., Jahazi, M., Immarigeon, J. P. and Wallace, W., “A review of laser welding techniques for magnesium alloys”, Journal of Mater Process Technol, Cilt 171, No 2, 188−204, 2006.
  • Hui, L., Ming, Q. and Da, L., “The effect of intermetallic compounds on laser weldability of dissimilar metal joint between magnesium alloy AZ31B and aluminum alloy 6061”, Laser Journal, Cilt 28, No 5, 61−63, 2007.
  • Wang, J., Feng, J. C. and Wang, Y. X., “Microstructure of Al–Mg dissimilar weld made by cold metal transfer MİG welding”, Mater Sci Technol, Cilt 24, No 7, 827−831, 2008.
  • Kwon, Y. J., Shigematsu, I. and Saito, N., “Dissimilar friction stir welding between magnesium and aluminum alloys”, Mater Lett, Cilt 62, No 23, 3827−3829, 2008.
  • Zeng, R., Ke, W., Xu, Y., Han, E. and Zhu, Z., “Recent development and application of magnesium alloys”, Acta Metallurgica Sinica, Cilt 37, No 7, 673−685, 2001.
  • Larsson, J. K., “Overview of joining technologies in the automotive industry”, Welding Res Abroad, Cilt 49, No 6, 29−45, 2003.
  • Chowdhury, S. H., Chen, D.L., Bhole, S. D., Cao, X. and Wanjara, P., “Lap shear strength and fatigue behavior of friction stir spot welded dissimilar magnesium-to-aluminum joints with adhesive”, Materials Science & Engineering A, Cilt 562, 53–60, 2013.
  • Yan, J., Xu, Z., Li, Z., Li, L. and Yang, S., “Microstructure characteristics and performance of dissimilar welds between magnesium alloy and aluminum formed by friction stirring” Scripta Materialia, Cilt 53, No 5, 585–589, 2005.
  • Mohammadi, J., Behnamian, Y., Mostafaei, A., Izadi, H., Saeid, T., Kokabi, A.H. and Gerlich, A.P., “Friction stir welding joint of dissimilar materials between AZ31B magnesium and 6061 aluminum alloys: Microstructure studies and mechanical characterizations” Materials Characterization, Cilt 101, 189–207, 2015.
  • Sweeder, T., “Demand for Lightweight Technology”, Magnesium Expo, Michigan-USA, 2000.
  • Fu, B., Qin, G., Li, F., Meng, X., Zhang, J. and Wu, C., “Friction stir welding process of dissimilar metals of 6061-T6aluminum alloy to AZ31B magnesium alloy”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Cilt 218, 38–47, 2015.
  • Venkateswaran, P. and Reynolds, AP., “Factors affecting the properties of friction stir welds between aluminum and magnesium alloys”, Mater Sci. Eng. A, Cilt 545, 26–37, 2012.
  • Liu, P., Li, Y. J., Geng, H. R. and Wang, J.,”Microstructure characteristics in TIG welded joint of Mg/Al dissimilar materials”, Mater Lett, Cilt 61, No 6, 1288–91, 2007.
  • Borrisutthekul, R., Miyashita, Y. and Mutoh, Y., “Dissimilar material laser welding between magnesium alloy AZ31B and aluminium alloy A5052-O”, Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater., Cilt 6, No 2, 199–204, 2005.
  • Liu, L. M., Wang, H. Y. and Zhang, Z. D., “The analysis of laser weld bonding of Al alloy to Mg alloy”, Scripta Mater, Cilt 56, No 6, 473–478, 2007.
  • Zhao Y., Lu Z., Yan K. and Huang L., “Microstructural characterizations and mechanical properties in underwater friction stir welding of aluminum and magnesium dissimilar alloys”, Materials and Design, Cilt 65, 675–681, 2015.
  • Ben-Artzy, A., Munitz, A., Kohn, G., Brining, B. and Shtechman, A. “Joining of light hybrid constructions made of magnesium and aluminum alloys”, Magnesium Technology, 295-302, 2002.
  • American Society for Metals. Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams 1: 106, ASM İnternational, Materials Park, Ohio, 1986.
  • Wang, J., Li Y. J., Liu, P. and Geng, H. R., “Microstructure and XRD analysis in the interface zone of Mg-Al diffusion bonding”, J. Mater. Process. Technol, Cilt 205, No 1 -3, 146–150, 2008.
  • Hajjari, E., Divandari, M., Razavi, S. H., Emami, S.M., Homma, T. and Kamado, S. “Dissimilar joining of Al Mg light metals by compound casting process”, J. Mater. Sci., Cilt 46, No 20, 6491– 6499, 2011.
  • Kafalı, H. and Ay, N., “Havacılıkta kullanılan 6013-T6 alüminyum alaşımının sürtünme karıştırma kaynağıyla birleştirilmesi”, S.D.Ü. Fen Bil. Ens. Dergisi, Cilt 18, No 1, 38-47, 2014.
  • Kafalı, H. and Ay, N., “Sürtünme karıştırma kaynağıyla birleştirilmiş havacılık ve uzay yapılarında kullanılan Al 6013-T6 alaşımının mikroyapı ve mekanik özelliklerinin incelenmesi”, Havacilik ve Uzay Teknolojileri Dergisi, Cilt 7, No 2, 85-101, 2014.
  • Nandan, R., Roy, G. G., and DebRoy, T. “Numerical simulation of three-dimensional heat transfer and plastic flow during friction stir welding”, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Cilt 37, No 4, 1247–1259, 2006.
  • Cho, J. H., Boyce, D. E., and Dawson, P. R. “Modeling strain hardening and texture evolution in friction stir welding of stainless steel”, Materials Science and Engineering A, Cilt 398, No 1 -2, 146–163, 2005.
  • Cho, J. H., Boyce, D. E., and Dawson, P. R. “Modelling strain hardening during friction stir welding of stainless steel”, Model. Sim. in Mat. Sci. and Eng., Cilt 15: 469–486, 2007.
  • Nandan, R, Lienert, TJ, DebRoy, T. “Toward reliable calculations of heat and plastic flow during friction stir welding of Ti– 6Al–4V alloy”, İnt J Mater Res, Cilt 99, No 4, 434–44, 2008.
  • Firouzdor, V. and Kou, S., “Al-to-Mg friction stir welding: effect of positions of Al and Mg with respect to the welding tool”, The Welding Journal, Cilt 88, 213-224, 2009
  • Cao, X. and Jahazi, M., “Friction stir welding of dissimilar AA 2024-T3 to AZ31B-H24 alloys”, Materials Science Forum, Cilt 638-642, 3661-3666, 2010.
  • Çevik, B., Özçatalbaş, Y., Gülenç, B.“SKK ile birleştirilen 7075-T651 Al Alaşımının mikroyapı ve mekanik özelliklerine devir sayısının etkisi”, 3. İnt. Conference on Welding Technologies and Exhibition (İCWET’14), 658-668, May 2014, Manisa.
  • Çevik, B., Özçatalbaş, Y., Gülenç, B. “Friction stir welding of 7075-T651 aluminium Alloy” Practical Metallography, Cilt 53, No 1, 6-23, 2016.
  • Çevik, B., Özçatalbaş, Y., Gülenç, B.“ Effect of tool material on microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welding” ,Materials Testing, Cilt 58, No 1, 36-42, 2016.
  • Çevik, B., Özçatalbaş, Y., Gülenç, B. “Effect of welding speed on the mechanical properties and weld defects of 7075 Al alloy joined by FSW”, Kovove Mater., Cilt 54, No 4, 241–247, 2016.
  • Morishige, T., Kawaguchi, A., Tsujikawa M., Hino M., Hirata T. and Higashi K., “Dissimilar Welding of Al and Mg Alloys by FSW”, Materials Transactions, 49(5):1129-1131, 2008.
  • Pourahmad, P. and Abbasi, M., “Materials flow and phase transformation in friction stir welding of Al 6013/Mg”, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, Cilt 23, No 5, 1253−1261, 2013.
  • Yamamoto, N., Liao, J., Watanabe, S. and Nakata, K., “Effect of intermetallic compound layer on tensile strength of dissimilar friction-stir weld of a high strength Mg alloy and Al alloy” Materials Transactions, Cilt 50, No 12, 2833-2838, 2009.
  • Jagadeesha, C.B., “Dissimilar friction stir welding between aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy at a low rotational speed”, Materials Science & Engineering A, Cilt 616, 55–62, 2014.
  • Liua, C., Chena, D. L., Bholea, S., Caob, X. and Jahazib, M.,” Polishing-assisted galvanic corrosion in the dissimilar friction stir welded joint of AZ31 Magnesium alloy to 2024 Aluminum alloy”, C. Materials Characterization, Cilt 60, No 5, 370 – 376, 2009.
  • Malarvizhi, S. and Balasubramanian, V., “Influences of tool shoulder diameter to plate thickness ratio (D/T) on stir zone formation and tensile properties of friction stir welded dissimilar joints of AA6061 aluminum–AZ31B magnesium alloys”, Materials and Design, Cilt 40, 453–460, 2012.
  • Somasekharan, A. C. and Murr, L. E., “Characterization of complex, solid-state flow and mixing in the friction-stir welding (FSW) of aluminum alloy 6061-T6 to magnesium alloy AZ91D using color metallography”, J Mater Sci, Cilt 41, No 16, 5365–5370, 2006.
  • Masoudian, A., Tahaei, A., Shakiba, A., Sharifianjazi, F. and Mohandesi, J. A., “Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir weld of dissimilar AZ31-O magnesium alloy to 6061-T6 aluminum alloy” Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, Cilt 24, No 5, 1317−1322, 2014.
  • Somasekharan, A.C. and Murr, L.E. “Microstructures in friction-stir welded dissimilar magnesium alloys and magnesium alloys to 6061-T6 aluminum alloy”, Materials Characterization, Cilt 52, No 1, 49– 64, 2004.
  • Somasekharan, A.C. and Murr, L.E., “Fundamental studies of the friction-stir welding of magnesium alloys to 6061-T6 aluminum”, Magnesium Technology, 31-36, 2004.
  • Simoncini, M. and Forcellese, A., “Effect of the welding parameters and tool configuration on micro- and macro-mechanical properties of similar and dissimilar FSWed joints in AA5754 and AZ31 thin sheets”, Materials and Design, Cilt 41, 50–60, 2012.
  • Firouzdor, V. and Kou, S., “Al-to-Mg friction stir welding: effect of material position, travel speed and rotation speed”, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Cilt 41, No 11, 2914-2935, 2010.
  • Zettler, R., Augusto, A., da Silva, M., Rodrigues, S., Blanco A. and dos Santos J. F., “Dissimilar Al to Mg alloy friction stir welds”, Advanced Engineering Materials, Cilt 8, No 5, 415-421, 2006.
  • Morishige, T., Hirata, T., and Tanaka, T.: Preprints of The National Meeting of J.W.S, 85, 220– 221, 2009.
  • Pepe, J. J., and Savage, W. F. “Effects of constitutional liquation in 18-Ni maraging steel weldment”, Welding Journal, Cilt 46, No 9, 411-422, 1967.
  • Pepe, J. J., and Savage, W. F. “Weld heat-affected zone of the 18Ni maraging steels”, Welding Journal, Cilt 49, No 12, 545-553, 1970.
  • Kou, S. “Welding Metallurgy”, 2nd edition, John Wiley and Sons, 303–339, (2003), New York, N.Y.
  • Yang, Y. K., Dong, H., Cao, H., Chang, Y. A., and Kou, S. “Liquation of Mg alloys in friction-stir spot welding”, Welding Journal, Cilt 87, 167-177, 2008.
  • Yang, Y. K., Dong, H. and Kou, S., “Liquation tendency and liquid-film formation in friction stir spot welding”, Welding Journal, Cilt 87, No 8, 202-211, 2008.
  • Çakır, C., “Modern talaşli imalatin esaslari”, Nobel Yay Dağ.,69-75, 2006, Ankara
  • Bergmann, J. P., Schuerer, R. and Ritter, K., “Friction stir welding of tailored blanks of aluminum and magnesium alloys”, Key Engineering Materials , Cilt 549, 492-499, 2013.
  • Seidel, T. U. and Reynolds, A. P., “Visualization of the material flow in AA2195 friction-stir welds using a marker insert technique” Metallurgical and materials transactions A, Cilt 32, No 11, 2879-2884, 2001.
  • Khodir, S. A. and Shibayanagi, T., “Dissimilar friction stir welded joints between 2024-T3 aluminum alloy and AZ31 magnesium alloy”, Materials Transactions, Cilt 48, No 9, 2501 – 2505, 2007.
  • Firouzdor, V. and Kou, S., “Formation of liquid and intermetallics in Al-to-Mg friction stir welding”, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Cilt 41, No 12, 3238-3251, 2010.
  • Klag, O., Wagner, G. and Otmar D. E., “Mechanical properties of friction stir welded Mg/Mg- and Mg/Al-joints”, Advanced Engineering Materials, Cilt 12, No 12, 1212-1219, 2010.
  • Cao, G. and Ko,u S., “Liquation cracking in full penetration Al-Si welds” Welding Journal, Cilt 84, No 4, 63-71, 2005.
  • Park, S.H.C., Sato, Y.S., Kokawa, H., “Microstructural evolution and its effect on Hall-Petch relationship in friction stir welding of thixomolded Mg alloy AZ91”, Mater Sci., Cilt 38i No 21, 4379-4383, 2003.
  • Yan Y., Zhang D., Qiu C. and Zhang W., “Dissimilar friction stir welding between 5052 aluminum alloy and AZ31 magnesium alloy”, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, Cilt 20, No 2, 619−623, 2010.
Toplam 87 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Tasarım ve Teknoloji
Yazarlar

Musa Bilgin

Şener Karabulut

Ahmet Özdemir

Proje Numarası 59/2016-01
Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Haziran 2017
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Ekim 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Bilgin, M., Karabulut, Ş., & Özdemir, A. (2017). Alüminyum Magnezyum Alaşımlarının Sürtünme Karıştırma Kaynağı İle Kaynak Edilebilirliğinin Değerlendirilmesi. Gazi University Journal of Science Part C: Design and Technology, 5(2), 191-209.

                                     16168      16167     16166     21432        logo.png


    e-ISSN:2147-9526