Yıl 2015,
Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 477 - 482, 10.02.2015
Öz
In this study, transesterification of glycerol which is the byproduct of biodiesel with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) to glycerol carbonate was investigated. Solid basic catalyst which is 35% KOH loaded to alumina was synthesized using the impregnation method. The effects of DMC/glycerol ratio and temperature (55-85°C) on glycerol carbonate yield were studied. The highest yield of glycerol carbonate of 92% was obtained by 3 h of reaction time at 85°C with a DMC/glycerol molar ratio of 2, and using 3 wt.% catalyst. Purity and chemical structure of obtained glycerol carbonate was confirmed by using 1H-NMR spectrometry
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Rokicki, G., Rakoczy, P., Parzuchowski, P. ve Sobiecki M., “Hyperbranched aliphatic polyethers obtained from environmentally benign monomer: glycerol carbonate”, Green Chemistry, Cilt 7, 529-539, 2005.
- Naik, P.U., Laetitia, P., Karima, R., Michel, P. ve Laurent P., “Imidazolium-2-Carboxylate as an Efficient, Expeditious and Eco-Friendly Organocatalyst for Glycerol Carbonate Synthesis”, Advanced Synthesis and Catalysis, Cilt 35, 1753-1756, 2009.
- Kim, S.C., Kim, Y.H., Lee, H., Yoon, D.Y. ve Song, B.K., “Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of glycerol carbonate from renewable glycerol and dimethyl carbonate through transesterification”, Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, Cilt 49, 75-78, 2007.
- Ilham, Z. ve Saka, S., “Production of biodiesel with glycerol carbonate by noncatalytic supercritical dimethyl carbonate”, Lipid Technology, Cilt 23, 10-13, 2011.
- Ochoa-Gómez, J.R., Gómez-Jiménez-Aberasturi, O., Maestro-Madurga, B., Pesquera-Rodríguez, A., Ramírez-López, C., Lorenzo-Ibarreta, L., Torrecilla-Soria, J. ve Villarán-Velasco, M.C., “Synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate by transesterification: Catalyst screening and reaction optimization”, Applied Catalysis A: General, Cilt 366, 315-324, 2009.
- Gamcharussrivichai, C., Nunthasanti, P., Tanachai, S. ve Bunyakiat, K. “Biodiesel production through transesterification over natural calciums”, Fuel Processing Technology, Cilt 91, 1409-1415, 2010.
- Bai, R., Wang, S., Mei, F., Li, T. ve Li, G., “Synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate catalyzed by KF modified Hydroxyapatite”, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Cilt 17, 777-781, 2011.
- Takagaki, A., Iwatani, K., Nishimura, S. ve Ebitani, K., “Synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dialkyl carbonates using hydrotalcite as a reusable heterogeneous base catalyst”, Green Chemistry, Cilt 12, 578-581, 2010.
- Alvarez, M.G., Pliskova, M., Segarra, A.M., Medina, F. ve Figueras, F., “Synthesis of glycerol carbonate by transesterification of glycerol in a continuous system using supported hydrotalcites as catalysts”, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Cilt 113-114, 212-220, 2012.
- Saiyong, P., Liping, Z., Renfeng, N., Shuixin, X.I.A, Ping, C. ve Zhaoyin, H., “Transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate to glycerol carbonate over Na-based zeolites”, Chinese Journal of Catalysis, Cilt 33, 1772-1777, 2012.
- Algoufi, Y.T. ve Hameed, B.H., “Synthesis of glycerol carbonate by transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate over K-zeolite derived from coal fly ash”, Fuel Processing Technology, Cilt 126, 5, 2014.
- Du, M., Li, Q., Dong, W., Geng, T. ve Jiang, Y., “Synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate catalyzed by K2CO3/MgO”, Research on Chemical Intermediates, Cilt 38, 1069-1077, 2012.
- Simanjuntak, F.S.H., Widyaya, V.T., Kim, C.S., Ahn, B.S, Kim, Y.J. ve Lee, H., “Synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate using magnesium-lanthanum mixed oxide catalyst”, Chemical Engineering Science, Cilt 94, 265-270, 2013.
- Degirmenbasi, N. ve Ozgun, B., “Quinaldinium chlorochromate supparted on alumina: A new and efficient reagent fro the oxidation of alcohols”, Monatshefte Fur Chemie, Cilt 134, 1565-1569, 2003.
- Liu, Z., Wang, J., Kang, M., Yin, N., Wang, X., Tan, Y. and Zhu, Y., “Synthesis of glycerol carbonate by transesterification of glycerol and dimethyl carbonate over KF/γ-Al2O3 catalyst”, Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, Cilt 25, 152-160, 2014.
- Bai, R., Wang, Y., Wang, S., Mei, F., Li, T. ve Li, G., Synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate catalyzed by NaOH/γ-Al2O3, Fuel Processing Technology, Cilt 106, 209-214, 2013.
- Boz, N. ve Sunal, O., “Kanola Yağından Çinko Oksit-destekli Katalizör Varlığında Biyodizel Üretimi”, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering & Architecture of Gazi University, Cilt 24, No 3, 389-395, 2009.
- Degirmenbasi, N., Boz, N. ve Kalyon, D.M., “Biofuel Production via Transesterification using Sepiolite-supported Alkaline Catalysts, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Cilt 150, 147-156, 2014.
- Xie, W. ve Li, H., “Alumina-supported potassium iodide as a heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production from soybean oil”, Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, Cilt 255, 1-9, 2006.
- Condon, J.B., “Surface Area and Porosity Determinations by Physisorption: Measurements and Theory”, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 59, 2006.
Yıl 2015,
Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 477 - 482, 10.02.2015
Öz
Bu çalışmada reaksiyon girdisi olarak biyodizel yan ürünü gliserinin dimetil karbonat (DMC) ile transesterleşme reaksiyonu sonunda gliserin karbonata dönüşümü araştırıldı. %35 KOH içeren alümina destekli katı bazik katalizör emdirme yöntemi kullanılarak sentezlendi. Reaksiyonda DMC/gliserin oranı ve sıcaklığın (55-85°C) gliserin karbonat verimine etkileri çalışıldı. DMC/gliserin oranının 2/1, sıcaklığın 85°C olduğu, %3 katalizör miktarı ve 3 saat sonunda %92 gliserin karbonat verimi elde edildi. Elde edilen gliserin karbonatın saflığı ve kimyasal yapısı 1H-NMR spektrometresi ile doğrulandı.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Rokicki, G., Rakoczy, P., Parzuchowski, P. ve Sobiecki M., “Hyperbranched aliphatic polyethers obtained from environmentally benign monomer: glycerol carbonate”, Green Chemistry, Cilt 7, 529-539, 2005.
- Naik, P.U., Laetitia, P., Karima, R., Michel, P. ve Laurent P., “Imidazolium-2-Carboxylate as an Efficient, Expeditious and Eco-Friendly Organocatalyst for Glycerol Carbonate Synthesis”, Advanced Synthesis and Catalysis, Cilt 35, 1753-1756, 2009.
- Kim, S.C., Kim, Y.H., Lee, H., Yoon, D.Y. ve Song, B.K., “Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of glycerol carbonate from renewable glycerol and dimethyl carbonate through transesterification”, Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, Cilt 49, 75-78, 2007.
- Ilham, Z. ve Saka, S., “Production of biodiesel with glycerol carbonate by noncatalytic supercritical dimethyl carbonate”, Lipid Technology, Cilt 23, 10-13, 2011.
- Ochoa-Gómez, J.R., Gómez-Jiménez-Aberasturi, O., Maestro-Madurga, B., Pesquera-Rodríguez, A., Ramírez-López, C., Lorenzo-Ibarreta, L., Torrecilla-Soria, J. ve Villarán-Velasco, M.C., “Synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate by transesterification: Catalyst screening and reaction optimization”, Applied Catalysis A: General, Cilt 366, 315-324, 2009.
- Gamcharussrivichai, C., Nunthasanti, P., Tanachai, S. ve Bunyakiat, K. “Biodiesel production through transesterification over natural calciums”, Fuel Processing Technology, Cilt 91, 1409-1415, 2010.
- Bai, R., Wang, S., Mei, F., Li, T. ve Li, G., “Synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate catalyzed by KF modified Hydroxyapatite”, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Cilt 17, 777-781, 2011.
- Takagaki, A., Iwatani, K., Nishimura, S. ve Ebitani, K., “Synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dialkyl carbonates using hydrotalcite as a reusable heterogeneous base catalyst”, Green Chemistry, Cilt 12, 578-581, 2010.
- Alvarez, M.G., Pliskova, M., Segarra, A.M., Medina, F. ve Figueras, F., “Synthesis of glycerol carbonate by transesterification of glycerol in a continuous system using supported hydrotalcites as catalysts”, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Cilt 113-114, 212-220, 2012.
- Saiyong, P., Liping, Z., Renfeng, N., Shuixin, X.I.A, Ping, C. ve Zhaoyin, H., “Transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate to glycerol carbonate over Na-based zeolites”, Chinese Journal of Catalysis, Cilt 33, 1772-1777, 2012.
- Algoufi, Y.T. ve Hameed, B.H., “Synthesis of glycerol carbonate by transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate over K-zeolite derived from coal fly ash”, Fuel Processing Technology, Cilt 126, 5, 2014.
- Du, M., Li, Q., Dong, W., Geng, T. ve Jiang, Y., “Synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate catalyzed by K2CO3/MgO”, Research on Chemical Intermediates, Cilt 38, 1069-1077, 2012.
- Simanjuntak, F.S.H., Widyaya, V.T., Kim, C.S., Ahn, B.S, Kim, Y.J. ve Lee, H., “Synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate using magnesium-lanthanum mixed oxide catalyst”, Chemical Engineering Science, Cilt 94, 265-270, 2013.
- Degirmenbasi, N. ve Ozgun, B., “Quinaldinium chlorochromate supparted on alumina: A new and efficient reagent fro the oxidation of alcohols”, Monatshefte Fur Chemie, Cilt 134, 1565-1569, 2003.
- Liu, Z., Wang, J., Kang, M., Yin, N., Wang, X., Tan, Y. and Zhu, Y., “Synthesis of glycerol carbonate by transesterification of glycerol and dimethyl carbonate over KF/γ-Al2O3 catalyst”, Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, Cilt 25, 152-160, 2014.
- Bai, R., Wang, Y., Wang, S., Mei, F., Li, T. ve Li, G., Synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate catalyzed by NaOH/γ-Al2O3, Fuel Processing Technology, Cilt 106, 209-214, 2013.
- Boz, N. ve Sunal, O., “Kanola Yağından Çinko Oksit-destekli Katalizör Varlığında Biyodizel Üretimi”, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering & Architecture of Gazi University, Cilt 24, No 3, 389-395, 2009.
- Degirmenbasi, N., Boz, N. ve Kalyon, D.M., “Biofuel Production via Transesterification using Sepiolite-supported Alkaline Catalysts, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Cilt 150, 147-156, 2014.
- Xie, W. ve Li, H., “Alumina-supported potassium iodide as a heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production from soybean oil”, Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, Cilt 255, 1-9, 2006.
- Condon, J.B., “Surface Area and Porosity Determinations by Physisorption: Measurements and Theory”, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 59, 2006.
Toplam 20 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Tasarım ve Teknoloji |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 10 Şubat 2015 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 10 Şubat 2015 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2015 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2 |
