Akıllı Sınır Yaklaşımı Çerçevesinde Blok Zinciri Teknolojisinin Gümrük İşlemlerinde Potansiyel Kullanım Alanları

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 14, 18 - 31, 01.10.2018

Gökhan Aktaş

Öz

Küresel ticaret, eşyanın sınır ötesine geçişini hızlandırmak için Ticareti Kolaylaştırma Anlaşması ve Revize Edilmiş Kyoto Protokolü gibi yasal metinlerin yanında teknoloji tabanlı akıllı sınır uygulamalarıyla da desteklenmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, akıllı sınır yaklaşımı çerçevesinde gümrüklerde blok zinciri tabanlı uygulamaların kullanabileceği alanları tartışmaktır. Bu motivasyonla, kurgulanan bir dış ticaret senaryosu üzerinde başlıca blok zinciri karakteristikleri dağıtık defter teknolojisi, eşler arası protokol, mutabakat ve doğrulama mekanizmaları, verilerin değiştirilemezliği ve izlenebilmesi, özel/genel anahtarlı altyapı, akıllı kontratlar vb. açıklanmaktadır. Blok zinciri teknolojisinin akıllı sınırları destekleyerek özellikle güvenli bir ekosistemin oluşması, ticaretin kolaylaştırılması, etkili risk analizi ve gümrük denetimi konularında işlevsel olabileceği değerlendirilmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Blok Zinciri, Akıllı Sınırlar, Ticaretin Kolaylaştırılması, Risk Analizi

Smart Border Customs Operations the Framework of Block Chain Technology Potential Approach Uses

Öz

Global trade is supported by not only legal documents like Trade Facilitation Agreement and Revised Kyoto Convention but also the use of technology in order to accelerate cross-border flows. The aim of this study is to discuss the fields where the blockchain-based applications can be used at customs. Based on a foreign trade scenario which was built with this motivation, primary blockchain characteristics distributed ledger technology, peer to peer protocol, confirmation and consensus mechanisms, data unassailability and traceability, private/public key infrastructure, smart contracts, etc. are explained. It is assumed that blockchain technology can be functional in terms of creating a safe ecosystem, trade facilitation, an effective risk analysis and customs control

Anahtar Kelimeler

Blockchain, Smart Borders, Trade Facilitation, Risk Analysis

Kaynakça

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