Endüstri 4.0’in Gümrük Politikası ve Uygulamaları Üzerine Etkileri

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 12, 10 - 18, 01.04.2018

Gökhan Aktaş

Öz

Hızla gelişen bilgi teknolojilerinin kullanılması, geleneksel üretim yöntemlerinde köklü değişimlere neden olmuştur. Endüstri 4.0 olarak adlandırılan bu yeni üretim biçiminin öncüllerinden olan dijitalleşme, sadece sanayi sektörünü değil kamu hizmetlerinin yerine getirilme biçimini de etkilemektedir. Gümrük idarelerinin, bu dönüşüm trendine uyum sağlamak ve dijitalleşen yeni iş modeli ağlarına eklemlenmek için gümrük politikası ve uygulamalarını güncellemesi kaçınılmazdır. Bu çalışmada, Endüstri 4.0 bileşenlerinden Büyük Veri, Nesnelerin İnterneti, Bulut Bilişim, Arttırılmış Gerçeklik, Siber Güvenlik ve Blockchain Teknolojisi gibi kavramların gümrük politika ve uygulamaları üzerine etkisi incelenmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Blockchain Teknolojisi, Büyük Veri, Dijital Gümrük Konsepti, Endüstri 4.0

Affects of Industry 4.0 on Customs Policy and Applications

Öz

Rapidly developing information technologies have caused radical changes in traditional production methods. The phenomenon of digitisation, which is called Industry 4.0, affects not only the industrial sector but also the way how public service is provided. It is inevitable that Customs Administration will update its customs policies and practices in order to adapt to changes and be incorporated into new network-based business models which are digitised. In this study, the effects of concepts such as Big Data, Internet of Things, Cloud Computing, Augmented Reality, Cyber Security, and Blockchain Technology, which are components of Industry 4.0, on customs policies and practices are examined

Anahtar Kelimeler

Blockchain Technology, Big Data, Concept of Digital Customs, Industry 4.0, Internet of Things

Kaynakça

• • Bahadır, K. (2016), Büyük Veri Çağında Bilişim Sistemleri İçin Zeki Teknikler Destekli Karar Vermenin Rolü: İnceleme ve Ana- liz. In Smart Technology and Smart Management. Gülermat Matbaacılık, İzmir
• • Bahrin, M. A. K., Othman, M. F., Azli, N. H. N. ve Talib, M. F. (2016), “Industry 4.0: A review on industrial automation and ro- botic”, Jurnal Teknology, Sayı:78(6–13),137-143.
• • Cengiz, T. (2017), “Sanayi 4.0’ın Lojistiğe Etkileri” http://www. lojistikhatti.com/haber/2017/01/sanayi-4-0in-lojistige-etkileri (Erişim 03.01.2018)
• • Christian, C. (2017), “How Blockchain Applications Will Move Beyond Finance” https://hbr.org/2017/03/how-block- chain-applications-will-move-beyond-finance (Erişim Tarihi: 29.01.2018)
• • Erl, T., Khattak, W. ve Buhler P. (2015), Big Data Fundamentals: Consepts, Drivers & Techniques. Pretence Hall-Service Tech Press. Indiana, 19-97.
• • Ertürk, E. (2017), “Customs 3.0 Dönemi”. Gümrük ve Ticaret Uzman Görüş, sayı:47, 7-25.
• • Gürcan, B. (2017), Endüstri 4.0 Ekstra, Dorlion Yayınları, Ankara
• • Hackius, N. ve Moritz P. (2017), “Blockchain in Logistics and Supply Chain: Trick or Treat ?” In Hamburg International Confe- rence of Logistics (HICL) – 23, 4–17. Hamburg.
• • Hemeleers, R. (2017), “Single Window, e-CMR , Blockcha- in How they can fit together”https://www.unece.org/filead- min/DAM/cefact/cf_forums/2017_Geneva/PPTs/SingleWin- dow/S02-04-Blockchain_RudyHemfleers.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 28.01.2018)
• • Hermann, M., Pentek, T. ve Otto, B. (2016), “Design princip- les for industrie 4.0 scenarios”, In Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (Sayı: Mart 2016, Hawaii, 3928-3937.
• • Hofman, W. (2017), Digital Transport and Logistics Forum http:// ec.europa.eu/transparency/regexpert/index.cfm?do=groupDe- tail.groupDetailDoc&id=32800&no=1 (Erişim Tarihi: 28.01.2018)
• • Igbonagwam, O. ve Beach, V. (2014), “Corruption Begets Cor- ruption In Developing Countries - How The Use Of Technology Could Change The Landscape” The Journal of Applied Busi- ness Research, 30(6), 1911-1918.
• • Kshetri, N. (2018), “1 Blockchain’ s roles in meeting key supp- ly chain management objectives” International Journal of In- formation Management, 39(June 2017), 80–89. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2017.12.005 (Erişim Tarihi: 27.01.2018)
• • Kutlu, R. (2017), “Tek Pencere Sisteminin Türkiye Uygulaması”, Gümrük ve Ticaret Uzman Görüş, sayı: 44–45, 6-11.
• • Leonard, C., Kouwenhoven, N. ve Jeacocke, S. (2017), “Blo- ckchain in the Domain of Customs Agencies”, In Global Tra- de Digitalization. IBM-WCO. http://ifcba.org/sites/ifcba/files/ IBM_Blockchains.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 26.01.2018)
• • Mikuriya, K. (2016), “Digital Customs, the opportunities of the Information Age”, WCO News-Going Digital, 79(Şubat), 9–10.
• • McNaughton M., Rao L., Parker D. ve Lewis D. (2017), Big Data Analytics and Customs (eds) Recent Advances in Information Systems and Technologies. WorldCIST 2017. Advances in In- telligent Systems and Computing, sayı 570, 512-517, Springer, Cham
• • Pugliatti. L. (2012), “Cloud single window: legal implications of a new model of cross-border single window”, World Customs Journal, sayı:3(2), 3-20.
• • Okazaki, Y. (2017), “Implications of Big Data for Customs - How It Can Support Risk Management Capabilities”, WCO Araştır- ma Raporu No. 39, 1-24.
• • Sadeghi, A.R., Wachsmann, C. ve Waidner, M. (2015), “Security and privacy challenges in industrial internet of things”, Procee- dings of the 52nd Annual Design Automation Conference, San Francisco, California, Makale No:53, 1-6.
• • Sadouskaya, K. (2017), “Adoption of Blockchain Technology in Supply Chain and Logistics”, Lisans Tezi, Mikkeli University of Applied Sciences, Finlandiya
• • Schuh, G., Potente, T., Wesch-Potente, C., Weber, A. R. ve Pro- te, J. P. (2014), “Collaboration mechanisms to increase produ- ctivity in the context of industrie 4.0”, Procedia CIRP, sayı:19, 51-56.
• • Staples, B. (2017), “Addressing Origin Operational Challenges”, International Journal of Information Management, 33(April), 1–16.
• • Sung-won, Y. (2017), Samsung SDS joins blockchain consor- tium for shipping industry. http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/ tech/2017/06/133_230428.html (Erişim: 30.01.2018)
• • UNESCUP (2017), “WCO Programmes on Digital Cus- toms” Apr%202017%20-WCO%20Digital%20Customs.pdf şim:27.12.2017) (Eri
• • UN/CEFACT (2005), “Recommendation and Guidelines on es- tablishing a Single Window: To Enhance the Efficient Exchange of Information Between Trade and Government. Recommenda- tion”, United Nations, New York-Ceneva, Yayın No: 33, 1-37.
• • Xia, F., Yang, L., Wang, L. ve Vinel, A. (2012), “Internet of Thin- gs”, International Journal of Communication Systems, sayı:25, 1101-1102.
• • Wahl, M. (2015), Strategic Factor Analysis for Industry 4.0., Journal of Security and Sustainability Issues, sayı:5(2), 241- 247.
• • WCO (2015a), “Enforcement Committee Endorses New Initi- atives.” http://www.wcoomd.org/en/media/newsroom/2015/ march/wco-enforcement-committee-endorses-new-initiatives. aspx (Erişim:29.12.2017)
• • WCO (2015b), “World Customs Organization declares 2016 to be the year of Digital Customs” http://www.wcoomd.org/en/ media/newsroom/2015/november/world-customs-organiza- tion-declares-2016-to-be-the-year-of-digital-customs.aspx, (Erişim:05.01.2018)
• • WCO (2009), “WCO Data Model”, http://www.wcoomd. org//media/wco/public/global/pdf/topics/facilitation/instru- ments-and-tools/tools/data-model/dm_technicalbrochure_ en.pdf (Erişim:28.12.2017)
• • Wickberg, S. (2013). Technological innovations to identify and reduce corruption, 1-8. http://www.u4.no/publications/tech- nological-innovations-to-identify-and-reduce-corruption/ (Eri- şim:30.01.2018)
• • WTO (2013), Agreement on trade facilitation, Ministerial decisi- on of 7 December 2013, https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/ tradfa_e/tradfa_e.htm (Erişim:28.01.2018)