GÜMRÜK İDARELERİ VE ÇEVRESEL KORUNMA ÖNLEMLERİ AÇISINDAN ROLLERİ: GENEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME VE TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2016, Sayı: 7, 68 - 78, 01.01.2016

Ayhan Turna

Öz

Contrary to the general belief that assumes that the role of states and correspondingly customs have been decreasing especially with the advent of globalization, the role of states and their units have been on the rise. In parallel with this general proposition, customs administrations cannot be considered only gate-keepers and tax-collectors. Moreover, they have many new duties and responsibilities such as fighting against terrorism and terrorism financing, environmental and health controls, etc. As for environmental issues, a number of international regulations put responsibilities directly or indirectly on customs’ shoulders. The Basel Convention on hazardous wastes, CITES Convention on endangered species, the Cartagena Protocol on biodiversity, the Chemical Weapons Convention and the Montreal Protocol on Ozone Layer are prominent examples of those regulations. In the context with these regulations, customs and Turkish customs should adapt themselves to new perspectives and responsibilities

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çevresel Koruma, Basel Konvansiyonu, CITES, Cartagena Protokolü, Kimyasal Silahlar, Montreal Protokolü

CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATIONS AND THEIR ROLES IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION: A GENERAL ASSESSMENT AND THE CASE STUDY OF TURKEY

Öz

Küreselleşme ile birlikte devlet aygıtının ve ona paralel olarak gümrük idarelerinin işlevlerinde bir azalma olduğuna dair genel kanının aksine, devletin ve devlet organlarının işlevlerinde bir artış gözlemlenmektedir. Buna paralel olarak, gümrük idareleri de artık sadece kapı görevlileri ve vergi toplayıcılar olarak değerlendirilemez. Gümrük idarelerinin terörizm ve terörizmin finansmanı ile mücadele, çevresel ve sağlık kontrolü gibi pek çok yeni görev tanımları oluşmaktadır. Bu makalenin konusunu oluşturan çevresel görevlere gelince, birçok uluslararası düzenleme doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak gümrük idaresinin omuzlarına yeni görevler yüklemektedir. Tehlikeli atıklarla ilgili Basel Konvansiyonu, nesli tehlike altında olan canlılarla ilgili CITES Konvansiyonu, biyolojik çeşitlilikle ilgili Cartagena Protokolü, Kimyasal Silahlar Konvansiyonu ve ozon tabakasıyla alakalı Montreal Protokolü bu düzenlemelerin başta gelenlerini oluşturmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, gümrük idaresi ve Türk gümrükleri kendilerini yeni görevlere ve alanlara hazırlıklı hale getirmek durumundadır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Environmental Protection, Basel Convention, CITES, Cartagena Protocol, Chemical Weapons, Montreal Protocol.

Kaynakça

• • BASEL (2015) The Basel Convention. URL: http:// www.basel.int. The comparison of three conventions retrieved download.aspx?d=UNEP-CHW-LEAFLET-PUB- IntlTradeControl.English.pdf
• • BASEL (2003) The Basel Convention. URL: http:// www.basel.int. Turkey’s data retrieved from http:// www.basel.int/Portals/4/Basel%20Convention /docs/ natreporting /2006/cfs /turkey .doc
• • CITES (2014) Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. URL: http://www.cites.org. Turkey’s seizure statistics retrieved from http://cites.org/sites/default/files/ reports/13-14Turkey_0.pdf
• • CITES (2015) Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. URL: http://www.cites.org. The resources, databases, tools can be reached through http://www.cites.org/eng/ resources/quotas/index.php
• • Coskun, A. A. (2003) Effort in Turkey for Compliance with CITES. RECIEL, Vol. 12, Issue 3, pp. 329-335.
• • Gordhan, P. (2006) Customs in the 21st Century. World Customs Journal, Volume 1, Number 1, pp. 49-54.
• • Mikuriya, K. (2006) The Customs Response to the 21st Century. World Customs Journal, Volume 1, Issue 1, pp. 21-28.
• • OPWC (2015) Organization for the Prevention of Chemical Weapons. URL: http://www.opwc.org. The Convention is retrieved from https://www.opcw.org/ chemical-weapons-convention/download-the-cwc/
• • Sachs, J. (2009) Common Wealth Economics for a Crowded Planet. The Penguin Group, New York.
• • Sachs, J. (2015) The Age of Sustainable Development. Columbia University Press, New York.
• • UNEP (2008) United Nations Environment Program. URL: http://www.unep.org. The Green Customs Guide retrieved from http://www.greencustoms.org/ reports/guide/ Green_ Customs_Guide%20(low).pdf
• • UNODC (2012) United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. URL: http://www.unodc.org. The Analytical Toolkit retrieved from http://www.unodc.org/ documents/ Wildlife/ Toolkit _ e.pdf
• • UNODC (2013) United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. URL: http://www.unodc.org.The statistical database retrieved from https://www.unodc.org/ documents/sustainable-livelihoods/UNODC_ ICCWC _repor t_ 2013.pdf
• • WCO (2014) World Customs Organization. URL: http://www.wcoomd.org. The Recommendation for the Chemical Weapons Convention is retrieved topics/nomenclature/instrument-and-tools/~/ media/463D38FA940441F9885D0F