Haber Değeri Olarak Yakınlık Etkisi: Şubat 2023 Türkiye Depremlerine İlişkin Uluslararası Medyada Yer Alan Haberlerin Niceliksel Bir Analizi

Öz

Araştırmacılar, basının dış haberleri aktarırken öncelikle ülkenin komşu coğrafi bölgelerine öncelik verdiğini öne sürmektedirler. Bir haber seçim kriteri olarak yakınlık, özellikle afetlerde haber olmanın önemli bir ölçütüdür. Türkiye, Şubat 2023'te yıkıcı depremlere maruz kalmış, kurtarma çalışmalarına ve ihtiyaç sahiplerine yönelik dış yardımların bir aracı olması açısından hayati önem taşıyan bu felaket ile ilgili haberler uluslararası medyada önemli bir yer tutmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, uluslararası medyanın deprem haberlerini “yakınlık” haber değeri kapsamında ele alıp almadığını ortaya çıkarmaktır. Bu nedenle on altı ülkeden seçilmiş gazeteler olaydan sonraki beş gün boyunca niceliksel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçları, fiziksel olarak yakın olan ulusların birbirleri ile ilgili haberleri fiziksel olarak uzak olan uluslara göre daha fazla haberleştirdiğini göstermektedir ve bu da önceki çalışmaları kısmen teyit etmektedir. Ancak gazetenin bulunduğu yer ile olay mahallinin fiziki mesafesinin haber miktarına etkisi, gazetelerin çevrimiçi erişilebilirliği nedeniyle önemini kaybetmeye başlamıştır. Beklenenin aksine ülkeler arasındaki ithalat, ihracat, turizm ve nüfus hacminin, ilgili ülkedeki deprem haberlerinin miktarı üzerinde önemli bir etkisinin bulunmadığı görülmüştür. Depremlerin haber değeri büyüktür, ancak gazeteciler fiziksel yakınlığın olmadığı durumlarda okuyucu ile psikolojik yakınlık ararlar. Bu nedenle haberlerin diğer ülkelerde haberleştirilme oranına ilişkin değerlendirmelerde, ülkeler arasındaki tarihsel arka plan, din ve milliyet ilişkisi ile güncel ikili ilişkilerin durumu da göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Haber Değerleri
• Yakınlık Etkisi
• Deprem Haberleri

Proximity as a News Value: A Quantitative Analysis of February 2023 Türkiye Earthquakes News in International Media

Öz

The researchers mainly assert that the press prioritizes the country's neighboring geographical areas in covering foreign news. As a news selection criterion, proximity is an essential measure of becoming news, especially in disasters. Türkiye faced devastating earthquakes in February 2023, and the news on the disaster covered a significant place in international media, which is vital to become a medium for rescue efforts and foreign aid to those in need. This study aims to determine whether the international media covers earthquake news within the "proximity" news value criteria. Hence, selected newspapers in the sixteen countries are analyzed quantitatively for five days after the event. The analysis results show that physically close nations cover the related news more than physically distant nations, partly confirming previous studies. However, the effect of the physical distance of the newspaper's hometown to the event scene on its coverage has started to lose its importance due to its online accessibility. The import, export, tourism, and population volume between countries does not have a significant effect on the coverage of earthquake news in the related country, contrary to what was expected. Earthquakes have a news value of magnitude, but in the absence of physical proximity, journalists seek psychological closeness to the readers. Therefore, the historical background, the religion and nationality relationship, and the current bilateral relations between the countries should also be considered in the evaluations regarding the news coverage in other countries.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• News Values
• Proximity Effect
• Earthquake News

Kaynakça

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