Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Covıd-19 Pandemisi Öncesi ve Sonrası Sağlıkla İlişkili Fiziksel Uygunluk (HRPF) Düzeylerinin Karşılaştırılması

Öz

Bu çalışmada ortaokul öğrencilerinin pandemi dönemi öncesi bazı Sağlıkla İlgili Fiziksel Uygunluk Karnesi (SİFUK) ölçümleri ve aynı öğrencilere ait pandemi sonrası ölçümleri karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya İstanbul ili Kağıthane ilçesi Cemil Meriç Ortaokulu’nda öğrenime devam eden, 20 Erkek, 21 Kız öğrenci olmak üzere toplamda 41 öğrenci katılmıştır. Katılımcıların boy, vücut ağırlığı, VKİ, esneklik, şınav ve mekik değerleri incelenmiştir. İstatistik analiz için Shapiro Wilk Normalite testi sonucunda, ilk test ile son test ölçümleri karşılaştırılması bağımlı değişken, eşleştirilmiş t testi ile yapılmıştır. İstatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi olarak p< 0.05 kabul edilmiştir. Tüm katılımcıların sağlıkla ilgili fiziksel uygunluk parametreleri karşılaştırıldığında, vücut ağırlığında, boy uzunluğunda, vücut kütle indeksinde, mekik sayısı ve şınav sayısında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunurken (p<0.05), sağ bacak ve sol bacak esneklik değerlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunmadı (p>0.05). Çalışma bulgularında vücut ağırlığında, boylarında, VKİ’ lerinde ve mekik sayılarında bulanan anlamlı artışın pandemi nedeni ile geçen sürede çocukların yaş almış olması ve buna bağlı gelişim dönemi farklılığından dolayı olabilir. Ancak gelişme çağında olan çocuklar için kilo artışları normal değerlendirilse de Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde kapanma yaşadıkları ve hareketsiz kaldıkları bir dönem geçirdikleri unutulmamalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Covid 19
• Çocuk
• Hareketsizlik
• Pandemi

Comparison of Health-Related Physical Fitness (HRPF) Levels of Secondary School Students before and After the Covid-19 Pandemic

Öz

Objectiv In this study, it was aimed to compare some Health-Related Physical Fitness Scorecard (HRPF) measurements of secondary school students before the pandemic period and the post-pandemic measurements of the same students. Materials and Methods: A total of 41 students, 20 male and 21 female, attending Cemil Meriç Secondary School in Kağıthane district of Istanbul participated in the study. Participants' height, body weight, BMI, flexibility, push-ups and sit-ups were examined. As a result of Shapiro Wilk Normality test for statistical analysis, comparison of first test and post test measurements was made with dependent variable, paired t test. p<0.05 was accepted as statistical significance level. When the health-related physical fitness parameters of all participants were compared, there was a statistically significant difference in body weight, height, body mass index, number of sit-ups and push-ups (p<0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference in the flexibility values of the right and left legs (p>0.05). Conclusion: The significant increase in body weight, height, BMI and number of sit-ups in the study findings may be due to the age of the children in the period passed due to the pandemic and the related developmental period difference. However, although weight gains are considered normal for children in developmental age, it should not be forgotten that they experience a period of closure and inactivity during the Covid-19 pandemic process.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Covid 19
• Çocuk
• Child
• Inactivity
• Pandemic

Kaynakça

1. Artymiak, P., Żegleń, M., & Kryst, Ł. (2024). Analysis of Changes in Physical Fitness in Children and Adolescents (11-15 Years) From Kraków (Poland) During COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of physical activity & health, 1-8 . https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2023-0577.
2. Berggren, S., Almquist-Tangen, G., Wolfbrandt, O., & Roswall, J. (2023). Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the physical activity and screen time habits of children aged 11–13 years in Sweden. Frontiers in Public Health, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1241938.
3. Berk L.(2013). Development through the lifespan, (6th edn). Boston MA: Pearson Higher Education.
4. Beunen GP, Malina RM, Renson R, Simons J, Ostyn M, Lefevre J. (1992). Physical activity and growth, maturation and performance: a longitudnal study. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 25(5),576-585.
5. Cadenas-Sanchez C, Intemann T, Labayen I, Peinado AB, Vidal-Conti J, Sanchis-Moysi J. et al. (2019). Physical fitness reference standards for preschool children: The PREFIT project. J Sci Med Sport. 22(4),430-437.
6. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
7. Cole TJ, Bellizi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH. (2000). Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ. 320,1240–1243.
8. Dassanayake TDMSB, Rajarathna AAJ, Rajarathna SA. (2016). Comparison of BMI and body fat percentages between national level teenage swimmers and controls. Adv. Obes. Weight Manag. Contr. 4, 00109.

9. Dawson K, Hamlin, M, Ross J, Duffy D. (2001). Trends in the health-related physical fitness of 10-14 year old New Zealand children. New Zealand Physical Educator. 34(1), 26.
10. De Miguel-Etayo P, Gracia-Marco L, Ortega FB, Intemann T, Foraita R, Lissner L, et al. (2014). IDEFICS consortium. Physical fitness reference standards in European children: the IDEFICS study. Int J Obes (Lond). 38(2), 57-66.
11. Dollman J, Olds T, Norton K, Stuart D. (1998). Trends in the health-related fitness of Australian children: 1985-1997. In Proceeding of the Australian Conference of Science and Medicine in Sport. Adelaide, Australia
12. Dumin JV. (1992). Physical activity levels - past and present. In N. Norgan (Ed.), Physical Activity and Health (pp. 20-27). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
13. Friel, C., Diaz, K., & Rupp, K. (2023). Physical Activity, Sleep, and Screen Time in Children and Adolescents Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of the 2019-2020 National Survey of Children’s Health. American Journal of Health Promotion, 38, 197 - 204. https://doi.org/10.1177/08901171231210389.
14. Golle K, Muehlbauer T, Wick D, Granacher U. (2015). Physical fitness percentiles of German children aged 9–12 years: findings from a longitudinal study. PLoS ONE. 10(11),e0142393
15. Guide to the Implementation of the Health-Related Physical Fitness Report Card for Physical Education and Sports Teachers, (2017).
16. Gülhan YE, Akpınar S. (2021). Covid-19 salgını sürecinde 10-14 yaş aralığındaki çocukların fiziksel uygunluk düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi. 6(2),365-383. doi:10.25307/jssr.971641
17. Ito, S., Fukumoto, T., Imagita, H., & Tabira, K. (2025). Changes in Children’s Physical Fitness Following the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Study. Innovative Journal of Pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpediatr-158617.
18. Kidokoro, T., Tomkinson, G., Lang, J., & Suzuki, K. (2022). Physical fitness before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results of annual national physical fitness surveillance among 16,647,699 Japanese children and adolescents between 2013 and 2021. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 12, 246 - 254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2022.11.002.
19. Koç K. (2014). Ortaögretim ögrencilerinin fiziksel aktivite ve fiziksel uygunluk düzeylerinin incelenmesi [Yüksek Lisans]. Kayseri: Erciyes Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü [05.05.2023].
20. Korcz A, Monyeki MA. (2018). Association Between Sport Participation, Body Composition, Physical Fitness, and Social Correlates Among Adolescents: The PAHL Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 15, 2793.
21. Lake MA. (2022). What we know so far: COVID-19 current clinical knowledge and research. Clinical medicine, 20(2),124
22. Liu, Y., Zhang, E., Li, H., Ge, X., Hu, F., Cai, Y., & Xiang, M. (2024). Physical activity, recreational screen time, and depressive symptoms among Chinese children and adolescents: a three-wave cross-lagged study during the COVID-19 pandemic. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-024-00705-3.
23. Ludwig-Walz, H., Heinisch, S., Siemens, W., Niessner, C., Eberhardt, T., Dannheim, I., Bös, K., & Bujard, M. (2024). Physical fitness in youth: a systematic review of changes during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The European Journal of Public Health, 34. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckae144.2003.
24. Malina RM, Bouchard C, Bar-Or O.(2004). Growth, Maturation, and Physical Activity, 2nd edn. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
25. Neville, R., Hopkins, W., McArthur, B., Draper, C., & Madigan, S. (2024). Associations Between Changes in 24-Hour Movement Behaviors in Children and Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Mediation-Based Meta-Analysis.. Journal of physical activity & health, 1-10 . https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2023-0346.
26. Neville, R., Lakes, K., Hopkins, W., Tarantino, G., Draper, C., Beck, R., & Madigan, S. (2022). Global Changes in Child and Adolescent Physical Activity During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.. JAMA pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.2313.
27. Okely, A., Kariippanon, K., Guan, H., Taylor, E., Suesse, T., Cross, P., Chong, K., Suherman, A., Turab, A., Staiano, A., Ha, A., Hamdouchi, E., Baig, A., Poh, B., Del Pozo-Cruz, B., Chan, C., Nyström, C., Koh, D., Webster, E., Lubree, H., Tang, H., Baddou, I., Del Pozo-Cruz, J., Wong, J., Sultoni, K., Nácher, M., Löf, M., Cui, M., Hossain, M., Chathurangana, P., Kand, U., Wickramasinghe, V., Calleia, R., Ferdous, S., Van Kim, T., Wang, X., & Draper, C. (2020). Global effect of COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep among 3- to 5-year-old children: a longitudinal study of 14 countries. BMC Public Health, 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10852-3.
28. Pan A, Liu L, Wang C, Guo H, Hao X, Wang Q, et al. (2020). Association of public health interventions with the epidemiology of the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China. Jama, 323(19), 1915-1923.
29. Rolland-Cachera ME, Bellisle E. (1986). No correlation between adiposity and food intake: Why are working class children fatter? American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 44, 779-787.
30. Roriz De Oliveira MS, Seabra A, Freitas D, Eisenmann JC, Maia J. (2014). Physical fitness percentile charts for children aged 6–10 from Portugal. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 54(6), 780-792.
31. Rowland TW. (1990). Exercise and Children's Health. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Saint-Maurice PF, Laurson KR, Kaj M, Csányi T. (2015). Establishing normative reference values for standing Broad Jump among Hungarian youth. Res Q Exerc Sport. 86(5), 37-S44.
32. Santos LP, Santos IS, Matijasevich A, Barros AJD. (2019). Changes in overall and regional body fatness from childhood to early adolescence. Sci. Rep. 9, 1888.
33. Saygın E. (2010). Çocuklarda fiziksel aktivite ve fiziksel uygunluk ilişkisinin araştırılması [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Gaziantep: Gaziantep Üniversitesi, Sağlik Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
34. Secchi JD, García GC, España-Romero V, Castro-Piñero J. (2014). Physical fitness and future cardiovascular risk in argentine children and adolescents: an introduction to the ALPHA test battery. Arch Argent Pediatr. 112(2), 132-40.
35. Storz MA. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic: an unprecedented tragedy in the battle against childhood obesity. Clin Exp Pediatr. 63(12), 477-482.
36. Tambalis KD, Panagiotakos DB, Psarra G, Daskalakis S, Kavouras SA, Geladas N, et al. (2016). Physical fitness normative values for 6-18-year-old Greek boys and girls, using the empirical distribution and the lambda, mu, and sigma statistical method. Eur J Sport Sci. 16(6),736-46.
37. Troiano RP, Briefel RR, Carroll MD, Bialostosky K. (2000). Energy and fat intakes of children and adolescents in the united states: Data from the national health and nutrition examination surveys. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 72(5),1343-1353.
38. Ubago-Guisado E, Mata E, Sánchez-Sánchez J, Plaza-Carmona M, Martín-García M, Gallardo L. (2017). Influence of different sports on fat mass and lean mass in growing girls. J. Sport Health Sci. 6, 213–218.
39. Van Mechelen WILLEM, Twisk JW, Post GB, Snel JAN, Kemper HC. (2020). Physical activity of young people: the Amsterdam Longitudinal Growth and Health Study. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 32(9),1610-1616.
40. Vanhelst J, Labreuche J, Béghin L, Drumez E, Fardy PS, Chapelot D, et al. (2017). Physical Fitness Reference Standards in French Youth: The BOUGE Program. J Strength Cond Res. 31(6), 1709-1718.
41. Vanhelst J, Ternynck C, Ovigneur H, Deschamps T. (2020). Normative health‐related fitness values for French children: The Diagnoform Programme. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 30(4),690-699. Woods JA, Hutchinson NT, Powers SK, Roberts WO, Gomez-Cabrera MC, Radak Z, et al. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic and physical activity. Sports Medicine and Health Science, 2(2):55-64.
42. Zaccagni, L., & Gualdi-Russo, E. (2025). Reduced Physical Activity and Increased Weight Status in Children and Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review. Children, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/children12020178.