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Türkiye’nin Yeni Sisteminde Seçim Öncesi İttifaklar

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 321 - 328, 24.07.2019

Öz

16 Nisan 2017 halkoylamasıyla
kabul edilen hükümet sistemi değişikliğinin uygulamaya geçeceği ilk seçim olan
24 Haziran 2018 Cumhurbaşkanı ve Milletvekili Genel Seçimleri öncesinde yapılan
kanun düzenlemeleriyle siyasi partilerin seçim öncesi ittifak kurmasının önü açılmıştır.
Türkiye’nin yeni seçim sistemi ve ittifak düzenlemesi birçok açıdan yeni ve
farklı uygulama fırsatları sunmaktadır. Seçim barajı uygulaması, aday listesi
oluşturma ve sandalye dağılımı gibi konularda dünyadaki diğer sistemlerde
siyasi partilerin ittifaklara çekinceyle yaklaşmalarına sebep olan noktalara
esneklik kazandırılmıştır. Bu sebeplerden dolayı, Türkiye’de uygulanan sistem,
dünyadaki diğer ülkeler için seçim ittifakları açısından iyi bir örnek
oluşturduğu söylenebilir. Bu çalışmada; Türkiye’nin yeni sisteminde ittifak
kurma şartları ve 24 Haziran 2018 seçimleri öncesinde kurulan ittifaklar
incelenecektir.

Kaynakça

  • Altman, D. (2000), "The Politics of Coalition Formation and Survival in Multiparty Presidential Democracies: The Case of Uruguay 1989-1999", Party Politics, 6(3), s.259–283.
  • Cox, G. W. (1997), Making Votes Count: Strategic Coordination in the World’s Electoral Systems, Cambridge University Press.
  • Cumhur İttifakı Protokolünde BBP Detayı. (4 Mayıs 2018), http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/cumhur-ittifaki-protokulunde-bbp-detayi-40826256
  • Demirtaş Elindeki Anketi Paylaştı: HDP ‘Baraj Sınırı’nda, Yüzde 50’yi Bulan Yok. (1 Haziran 2018), http://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/siyaset/987261/Demirtas_elindeki_anketi_paylasti__HDP__baraj_siniri_nda__yuzde_50_yi_bulan_yok.html
  • Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan: Cumhur İttifakı’nı Meclis’te de Devam Ettireceğiz. (6 Temmuz 2018), https://www.ntv.com.tr/turkiye/cumhurbaskani-erdogan-cumhur-ittifakini-mecliste-de-devam-ettirecegiz,N4WNgo08kkiNhiNsJE442g
  • Golder, S. N. (2005), "Pre-Electoral Coalitions in Comparative Perspective: A Test of Existing Hypotheses", Electoral Studies, 24(4), s.643–663.
  • Golder, S. N. (2006), "Pre-Electoral Coalition Formation in Parliamentary Democracies", British Journal of Political Science, 36(2), s.193–212.
  • Gschwend, T. ve Hooghe, M. (2008), "Should I Stay Or Should I Go? An Experimental Study on Voter Responses to Pre-Electoral Coalitions", European Journal of Political Research, 47(5), s.556–577.
  • Haugsgjerd Allern, E. ve Aylott, N. (2009), "Overcoming the Fear of Commitment: Pre-Electoral Coalitions in Norway and Sweden", Acta Politica, 44(3), s.259–285.
  • Ibenskas, R. (2016), "Understanding Pre-Electoral Coalitions in Central and Eastern Europe", British Journal of Political Science, 46(4), s.743–761.
  • J. Brian O’Day. (2004), Joining Forces: A Guide to Forming, Joining and Building Coalitions, Washington, D.C.: National Democratic Institute.
  • Kadima, D. (2006), "The Study of Party Coalitions in Africa", The Politics of Party Coalitions in Africa, EISA, South Africa, s.1–14.
  • Kellam, M. (2017), "Why Pre-Electoral Coalitions in Presidential Systems?", British Journal of Political Science, 47(2), s.391–411.
  • Laver, M. J. ve Budge, I. (1992), "Measuring Policy Distances and Modelling Coalition Formation", Party Policy and Government Coalitions, Springer, s.15–40.
  • Mainwaring, S. ve Shugart, M. S. (1997a), "Juan Linz, Presidentialism, and Democracy: A Critical Appraisal", Comparative Politics, 29(4), s.449–471.
  • Mainwaring, S. ve Shugart, M. S. (1997b), Presidentialism and Democracy in Latin America, Cambridge University Press.
  • “Millet İttifakı” Resmen Kuruldu: Protokolün Detayları Ortaya Çıktı. (Mayıs 5, 2018), http://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/turkiye/969564/_Millet_ittifaki__resmen_kuruldu__Protokolun_detaylari_ortaya_cikti.html
  • Mozaffar, S. ve Scarritt, J. R. (2005), "The Puzzle of African Party Systems", Party Politics, 11(4), s.399–421.
  • Norris, P. (2004), Electoral Engineering: Voting Rules and Political Behavior, Cambridge University Press.
  • Plescia, C. (2017), "The Effect of Pre-Electoral Party Coordination on Vote Choice: Evidence from the Italian Regional Elections", Political Studies, 65(1), s.144–160.
  • Powell Jr, G. B. (2000), Elections As Instruments of Democracy: Majoritarian and Proportional Visions, Yale University Press.
  • Rakner, L. ve Van de Walle, N. (2009), "Opposition Weakness in Africa", Journal of Democracy, 20(3), s.108–121.
  • Resnick, D. (2014), "Compromise and Contestation, Understanding The Drivers and Implications of Coalition Behaviour in Africa", Journal of African Elections, 13(1), s.43–65.
  • Seçim 2018: Muhalefetin Kurduğu Millet İttifakı Nasıl İşleyecek? (Mayıs 7, 2018), https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-turkiye-43992766
  • Seçim İçin Kurulan Millet İttifakı Dağıldı. (4 Temmuz, 2018), http://www.trthaber.com/haber/gundem/secim-icin-kurulan-millet-ittifaki-dagildi-373533.html
  • Strøm, K. ve Müller, W. C. (1999), "The Keys to Togetherness: Coalition Agreements in Parliamentary Democracies", The Journal of Legislative Studies, 5(3–4), s.255–282.
  • www.resmigazete.gov.tr
  • www.tuik.gov.tr
  • www.ysk.gov.tr

Pre-Electoral Alliances under New System of Turkey

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 321 - 328, 24.07.2019

Öz

The
amendments to the electoral law of Turkey allowed political parties to form
pre-electoral alliances ahead of parliamentary and presidential elections on
June 24, 2018 that would brought changes to the governance system for the first
time since the April 2017 referendum. Turkey’s new electoral system and several
amendments introduced a new and different set of rules with respect to
formation of pre-electoral alliances. The new system offers more flexibility on
some issues such as electoral threshold, candidate lists and distribution of
seats that make political parties hesitate to form pre-electoral alliances in
other systems. As a result, Turkey can set a good example in terms of
pre-electoral alliances for other countries. This study aims to assess the conditions
of forming pre-electoral alliances in Turkey under new electoral system and the
alliances formed ahead of June 24, 2018 elections.

Kaynakça

  • Altman, D. (2000), "The Politics of Coalition Formation and Survival in Multiparty Presidential Democracies: The Case of Uruguay 1989-1999", Party Politics, 6(3), s.259–283.
  • Cox, G. W. (1997), Making Votes Count: Strategic Coordination in the World’s Electoral Systems, Cambridge University Press.
  • Cumhur İttifakı Protokolünde BBP Detayı. (4 Mayıs 2018), http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/cumhur-ittifaki-protokulunde-bbp-detayi-40826256
  • Demirtaş Elindeki Anketi Paylaştı: HDP ‘Baraj Sınırı’nda, Yüzde 50’yi Bulan Yok. (1 Haziran 2018), http://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/siyaset/987261/Demirtas_elindeki_anketi_paylasti__HDP__baraj_siniri_nda__yuzde_50_yi_bulan_yok.html
  • Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan: Cumhur İttifakı’nı Meclis’te de Devam Ettireceğiz. (6 Temmuz 2018), https://www.ntv.com.tr/turkiye/cumhurbaskani-erdogan-cumhur-ittifakini-mecliste-de-devam-ettirecegiz,N4WNgo08kkiNhiNsJE442g
  • Golder, S. N. (2005), "Pre-Electoral Coalitions in Comparative Perspective: A Test of Existing Hypotheses", Electoral Studies, 24(4), s.643–663.
  • Golder, S. N. (2006), "Pre-Electoral Coalition Formation in Parliamentary Democracies", British Journal of Political Science, 36(2), s.193–212.
  • Gschwend, T. ve Hooghe, M. (2008), "Should I Stay Or Should I Go? An Experimental Study on Voter Responses to Pre-Electoral Coalitions", European Journal of Political Research, 47(5), s.556–577.
  • Haugsgjerd Allern, E. ve Aylott, N. (2009), "Overcoming the Fear of Commitment: Pre-Electoral Coalitions in Norway and Sweden", Acta Politica, 44(3), s.259–285.
  • Ibenskas, R. (2016), "Understanding Pre-Electoral Coalitions in Central and Eastern Europe", British Journal of Political Science, 46(4), s.743–761.
  • J. Brian O’Day. (2004), Joining Forces: A Guide to Forming, Joining and Building Coalitions, Washington, D.C.: National Democratic Institute.
  • Kadima, D. (2006), "The Study of Party Coalitions in Africa", The Politics of Party Coalitions in Africa, EISA, South Africa, s.1–14.
  • Kellam, M. (2017), "Why Pre-Electoral Coalitions in Presidential Systems?", British Journal of Political Science, 47(2), s.391–411.
  • Laver, M. J. ve Budge, I. (1992), "Measuring Policy Distances and Modelling Coalition Formation", Party Policy and Government Coalitions, Springer, s.15–40.
  • Mainwaring, S. ve Shugart, M. S. (1997a), "Juan Linz, Presidentialism, and Democracy: A Critical Appraisal", Comparative Politics, 29(4), s.449–471.
  • Mainwaring, S. ve Shugart, M. S. (1997b), Presidentialism and Democracy in Latin America, Cambridge University Press.
  • “Millet İttifakı” Resmen Kuruldu: Protokolün Detayları Ortaya Çıktı. (Mayıs 5, 2018), http://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/turkiye/969564/_Millet_ittifaki__resmen_kuruldu__Protokolun_detaylari_ortaya_cikti.html
  • Mozaffar, S. ve Scarritt, J. R. (2005), "The Puzzle of African Party Systems", Party Politics, 11(4), s.399–421.
  • Norris, P. (2004), Electoral Engineering: Voting Rules and Political Behavior, Cambridge University Press.
  • Plescia, C. (2017), "The Effect of Pre-Electoral Party Coordination on Vote Choice: Evidence from the Italian Regional Elections", Political Studies, 65(1), s.144–160.
  • Powell Jr, G. B. (2000), Elections As Instruments of Democracy: Majoritarian and Proportional Visions, Yale University Press.
  • Rakner, L. ve Van de Walle, N. (2009), "Opposition Weakness in Africa", Journal of Democracy, 20(3), s.108–121.
  • Resnick, D. (2014), "Compromise and Contestation, Understanding The Drivers and Implications of Coalition Behaviour in Africa", Journal of African Elections, 13(1), s.43–65.
  • Seçim 2018: Muhalefetin Kurduğu Millet İttifakı Nasıl İşleyecek? (Mayıs 7, 2018), https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-turkiye-43992766
  • Seçim İçin Kurulan Millet İttifakı Dağıldı. (4 Temmuz, 2018), http://www.trthaber.com/haber/gundem/secim-icin-kurulan-millet-ittifaki-dagildi-373533.html
  • Strøm, K. ve Müller, W. C. (1999), "The Keys to Togetherness: Coalition Agreements in Parliamentary Democracies", The Journal of Legislative Studies, 5(3–4), s.255–282.
  • www.resmigazete.gov.tr
  • www.tuik.gov.tr
  • www.ysk.gov.tr
Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Betül Aydoğan Ünal 0000-0003-2371-0921

Yayımlanma Tarihi 24 Temmuz 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Temmuz 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Aydoğan Ünal, B. (2019). Türkiye’nin Yeni Sisteminde Seçim Öncesi İttifaklar. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(2), 321-328.