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Impact of wind loads on the structural integrity of reinforced concrete (RC) minarets

Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1 15 Mart 2025
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Impact of wind loads on the structural integrity of reinforced concrete (RC) minarets

Öz

The rapid climatic shifts caused by global warming represent a growing and serious threat that demands immediate global attention and preparation. The collapse of minarets in Mersin, İzmir, Ankara and Kahramanmaraş due to strong winds has served as the inspiration for this research article. These incidents highlight the lack of sufficient investigation into the wind effects on minarets in Turkey and underscore the presence of minaret structures that may pose significant risks. In the conducted study, the Çamlıca Mosque minarets, the tallest minarets in Turkey, were used as a reference. Finite element analyses were performed using the ANSYS program for three distinct height scenarios: a high height of 107 meters, a medium height of 57 meters, and a low height of 27 meters. The dimensions of the base, pulpit, transition segment and spire parts of the minarets are the same, only the body lengths have been changed. Wind speeds were calculated according to the height of the minarets and the relevant regulation TS498 data was considered. The research concluded that the minaret with a body height of 20 meters, considered the lowest, was the safest under the influence of strong winds, experiencing a displacement of approximately 9.1 mm at the top. However, it was observed that the displacement values for the medium-height (57 m) and tall (107 m) minarets would increase significantly, with a high risk of structural collapse occurring at the transition segments. In the study, where principal tensile and compressive stress were also calculated and presented, it was found that the tensile stress in the lowest minaret was around 1.5 MPa. However, this value increased significantly in the medium and tallest minarets, rising to approximately 6.5 times and 25 times higher, respectively.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Compressive stress, Displacement, Pulpit section, Transition segment, Tensile stress, Wind effect on minaret

Kaynakça

  1. Diri, K. (2023, May 17). Ankara’da etkili olan fırtınada 2 caminin minaresi yıkıldı. İhlas Haber Ajansı. https://www.iha.com.tr/haber-ankarada-etkili-olan-firtinada-2-caminin-minaresi-yikildi-1171144
  2. Doğangün, A., Acar, R., Livaoğlu, R., & Tuluk, Ö. İ. (2006). Performance of masonry minarets against earthquakes and winds in Turkey. 1st International Conference on Restoration of Heritage Masonry Structures, April 2006, (pp. 24–27), Cairo, Egypt.
  3. Erdoğan, A. C. (2024, November 24). Mersin’de şiddetli rüzgar cami minaresini yıktı. Anadolu Ajansı. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gundem/mersinde-siddetli-ruzgar-cami-minaresini-yikti/3403000
  4. Işık, E., Ademović, N., Harirchian, E., Avcil, F., Büyüksaraç, A., Hadzima-Nyarko, M., Akif Bülbül, M., Işık, M. F., & Antep, B. (2023). Determination of Natural Fundamental Period of Minarets by Using Artificial Neural Network and Assess the Impact of Different Materials on Their Seismic Vulnerability. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 13(2), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13020809
  5. Karaca, Z., & Erdem, T. (2012). Determination and comparison of wind loads for industrial reinforced concrete chimneys. The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, 21, 133–153. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1002/tal.617
  6. Konuralp, T. (2024, November 23). İzmir’de şiddetli rüzgar cami minaresinin külahını devirdi. Anadolu Ajansı. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gundem/izmirde-siddetli-ruzgar-cami-minaresinin-kulahini-devirdi/3402379
  7. Küçük, H. (2009). Comparatıve study of turkısh standards (TS 500 – TS 498) and Russian standards (snıp – gost) for the design and construction regulations of reinforced concrete structures. [Master Thesis, Istanbul Technical University, Institute of Science].
  8. NTV. (2020, January 6). Edirne’de şiddetli rüzgar cami minaresini yıktı. Anadolu Ajansı. https://www.ntv.com.tr/turkiye/edirnede-siddetli-ruzgar-cami-minaresini-yikti,7yywiSrf_Uuyt2mHB0D2Og
  9. Reşatoğlu, R., Mirata, T., & Karaker, L. (2018). Earthquake and wind load effects on existing RC minarets in north Cyprus. International Journal of Engineering and Technology(UAE), 7(4), 3074–3085. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.16598
  10. Turkish Standard. (2003). Turkish Standard Design Loads for Buildings 498 (TS 498:91.040.01 Yapılar (Genel)).

Kaynak Göster

APA
Karabulut, M. (2025). Impact of wind loads on the structural integrity of reinforced concrete (RC) minarets. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(1), 221-233. https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.1625918
AMA
1.Karabulut M. Impact of wind loads on the structural integrity of reinforced concrete (RC) minarets. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2025;15(1):221-233. doi:10.17714/gumusfenbil.1625918
Chicago
Karabulut, Muhammet. 2025. “Impact of wind loads on the structural integrity of reinforced concrete (RC) minarets”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 15 (1): 221-33. https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.1625918.
EndNote
Karabulut M (01 Mart 2025) Impact of wind loads on the structural integrity of reinforced concrete (RC) minarets. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 15 1 221–233.
IEEE
[1]M. Karabulut, “Impact of wind loads on the structural integrity of reinforced concrete (RC) minarets”, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 15, sy 1, ss. 221–233, Mar. 2025, doi: 10.17714/gumusfenbil.1625918.
ISNAD
Karabulut, Muhammet. “Impact of wind loads on the structural integrity of reinforced concrete (RC) minarets”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 15/1 (01 Mart 2025): 221-233. https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.1625918.
JAMA
1.Karabulut M. Impact of wind loads on the structural integrity of reinforced concrete (RC) minarets. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2025;15:221–233.
MLA
Karabulut, Muhammet. “Impact of wind loads on the structural integrity of reinforced concrete (RC) minarets”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 15, sy 1, Mart 2025, ss. 221-33, doi:10.17714/gumusfenbil.1625918.
Vancouver
1.Muhammet Karabulut. Impact of wind loads on the structural integrity of reinforced concrete (RC) minarets. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 01 Mart 2025;15(1):221-33. doi:10.17714/gumusfenbil.1625918