PV hücre/modül eşdeğer devre parametrelerinin kestiriminde kullanım için yeni bir analitik nokta tayini

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 4, 1270 - 1281, 15.12.2025

Ulaş Eminoğlu , Serhan Kaya , Saffet Ayasun

https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.1781985

Öz

Düşük üretim maliyeti ve kendini kısa süreli amorti etme gibi avantajları nedeniyle Fotovoltaik modüllerin kurulumu ülkemizde ve aynı zamanda dünyada her geçen gün hızla artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Fotovoltaik modüllerin çıkış (Güç-Gerilim) karakteristiğindeki lineer bölgeden yararlanılarak maksimum güç noktasındaki gerilimin yarısına tekabül eden gücün ve sonucunda akımın maksimum güç noktasındaki gerilim değerine bağlı olarak analitik hesaplanabileceği yeni bir yöntem önerilmektedir. Model geliştirilirken pratikte kullanılan ve literatürde eşdeğer devre parametreleri belirlenmiş çok sayıda PV modül dikkate alınmıştır. İlk olarak Fotovoltaik’lerin çıkış karakteristiğindeki sıfır ile maksimum güç gerilimdeğerinin yarısı noktası aralığındaki lineer bölgeye Birinci Dereceden denklem uydurularak eğimler belirlenmiş ve bu eğimler maksimum güç noktasındaki gerilim değerlerine bağlı olarak yine eğri uydurma yöntemi ile analitik olarak formüle edilmiştir. Bağıl hata, Kök Ortalama Kare Hatası ve Belirleme Katsayısı hata indisleri kullanılarak önerilen modelin geçerliliği çok sayıda PV modül için test edilmiştir. Sonuçlar hata değerlerinin ihmal edilebilir büyüklükte olduğunu ve modelin geçerli olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca önerilen model ile PV’ler için eşdeğer devre parametrelerinin belirlenmesinde başlangıç değerlerden bağımsız, çözümü kolay ve tüm parametreleri kapsayan analitik yöntemlerin geliştirilmesinde büyük avantaj sağlanacağını söylemek mümkündür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çıkış karakteristiği , Eşdeğer devre , Fotovoltaik (PV) modül , Modelleme

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışmada, “Yükseköğretim Kurumları Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etiği Yönergesi” kapsamında uyulması gerekli tüm kurallara uyulduğunu, bahsi geçen yönergenin “Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etiğine Aykırı Eylemler” başlığı altında belirtilen eylemlerden hiçbirinin gerçekleştirilmediğini taahhüt ederiz.

A new analytical point determination for use in estimating equivalent circuit parameters in PV module/cell

Öz

Due to advantages such as low production costs and short payback periods, the installation of photovoltaic modules is rapidly increasing both in our country and globally. This study proposes a new method that utilizes the linear region in the output (Power-Voltage) characteristics of photovoltaic modules to analytically calculate the power corresponding to half the voltage at the maximum power point, and the resulting current, based on the voltage at the maximum power point. The model was developed by considering numerous PV modules used in practice and whose equivalent circuit parameters have been determined in the literature. First, slopes were determined by fitting a first-order equation to the linear region between zero and halfway between the maximum power voltage value in the photovoltaic output characteristics. These slopes were analytically formulated using the curve fitting method, again based on the voltage values at the maximum power point. The validity of the proposed model was tested for a large number of PV modules using the error indices Relative Error, Root Mean Square Error, and Coefficient of Determination. The results indicate that the error values are negligible and the model is valid. Furthermore, it can be said that the proposed model will provide significant advantages in developing analytical methods that are independent of initial values, easy to solve, and encompass all parameters in determining the equivalent circuit parameters for PVs.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Output characteristics , Equivalent circuit , Photovoltaic (PV) module , Modelling

Etik Beyan

We undertake that in this study, all the rules required to be followed within the scope of the “Higher Education Institutions Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive” have been complied with, and that none of the actions specified under the title “Actions Contrary to Scientific Research and Publication Ethics” of the aforementioned directive have been carried out.

Kaynakça

• Abdul Kareem, M. S., & Saravanan, M. (2016). A new method for accurate estimation of PV module parameters and extraction of maximum power point under varying environmental conditions. Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, 24(4), 2028–2041. https://doi.org/10.3906/elk-1312-268
• Akyürek, E. F., Geliş, K., & Yoladi, M. (2021). Effect of different shading situations on photovoltaic panel characteristics. Gumushane Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(1), 161–168. https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.766232
• Alrahim Shannan, N. M. A., Yahaya, N. Z., & Singh, B. (2013). Single-diode model and two-diode model of PV modules: A comparison. Proceedings - 2013 IEEE International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering, ICCSCE 2013, November, 210–214. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSCE.2013.6719960
• Atay, B. K., & Eminoğlu, U. (2019). A new approach for parameter estimation of the single-diode model for photovoltaic cells/modules. Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, 27(4), 3026–3039. https://doi.org/10.3906/elk-1805-161
• Bartholomäus, M., Morino, L., Poulsen, P. B., & Spataru, S. V. (2025). Benchmarking equivalent circuit models for the IV characteristic of bifacial photovoltaic modules. EPJ Photovoltaics, 16. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjpv/2024046
• Castro, R. (2018). Data-driven PV modules modelling: Comparison between equivalent electric circuit and artificial intelligence based models. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 30(October), 230–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2018.10.011
• Chaibi, Y., Salhi, M., El-jouni, A., & Essadki, A. (2018). A new method to extract the equivalent circuit parameters of a photovoltaic panel. Solar Energy, 163(February), 376–386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2018.02.017
• Chan, D. S. H., & Phang, J. C. H. (1987). Analytical Methods for the Extraction of Solar-Cell Single-and Double-Diode Model Parameters from I-V Characteristics. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 34(2), 286–293. https://doi.org/10.1109/T-ED.1987.22920
• Chapra, Steven. Canale, R. (2006). Numerical Methods for Engineers. In Numerical Methods for Engineers. McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420010244
• Cubas, J., Pindado, S., & Farrahi, A. (2013). New method for analytical photovoltaic parameter extraction. Proceedings of 2013 International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications, ICRERA 2013, August 2018, 873–877. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRERA.2013.6749874
• Elazab, O. S., Hasanien, H. M., Alsaidan, I., Abdelaziz, A. Y., & Muyeen, S. M. (2020). Parameter estimation of three diode photovoltaic model using grasshopper optimization algorithm. Energies, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/en13020497
• Eminoğlu, U., & Atay, B. K. (2023). PV Modüller/Hücrelerin Tek-Diyot Eşdeğer Devre Parametrelerinin Kestirimi İçin Yeni Bir Analitik Model. Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji, 11(2), 524–533. https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.1238370
• Hamid, N. F. A., Rahim, N. A., & Selvaraj, J. (2016). Solar cell parameters identification using hybrid Nelder-Mead and modified particle swarm optimization. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4941791
• Hejri, M., Mokhtari, H., Azizian, M. R., Ghandhari, M., & Söder, L. (2014). On the parameter extraction of a five-parameter double-diode model of photovoltaic cells and modules. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, 4(3), 915–923. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOTOV.2014.2307161
• Hejri, M., Mokhtari, H., Azizian, M. R., & Söder, L. (2016). An analytical-numerical approach for parameter determination of a five-parameter single-diode model of photovoltaic cells and modules. International Journal of Sustainable Energy, 35(4), 396–410. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786451.2013.863886
• Ishaque, K., & Salam, Z. (2011). An improved modeling method to determine the model parameters of photovoltaic (PV) modules using differential evolution (DE). Solar Energy, 85(9), 2349–2359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2011.06.025
• Karagozoglu, L., & Duranay, Z. B. (2023). Yapay sinir ağları kullanılarak fotovoltaik sistemin maksimum güç noktası takibi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13, 733–749. https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.1217821
• Keskin, V., Khalejan, S. H. P. R., & Çıkla, R. (2021). Investigation of the Shading Effect on the Performance of a grid-connected PV Plant in Samsun/Turkey. Politeknik Dergisi, 24(2), 553–563. https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.701525
• Li, S., Gong, W., Yan, X., Hu, C., Bai, D., & Wang, L. (2019). Parameter estimation of photovoltaic models with memetic adaptive differential evolution. Solar Energy, 190(August), 465–474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.08.022
• The MathWorks. (2023). Natick, Massachusetts: The MathWorks, Inc.MATLAB, R2023a Enterprise.
• Mohapatra, A., Nayak, B., & Mohanty, K. B. (2017). Parameter extraction of PV module using NLS algorithm with experimental validation. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 7(5), 2392–2400.
• Muralidharan R. (2017). Parameter extraction of solar photovoltaic cells and modules using current–voltage characteristics. International Journal of Ambient Energy. 38(5), 509–513.
• Nunes, H. G. G., Pombo, J. A. N., Mariano, S. J. P. S., Calado, M. R. A., & Felippe de Souza, J. A. M. (2018). A new high performance method for determining the parameters of PV cells and modules based on guaranteed convergence particle swarm optimization. Applied Energy, 211(November 2017), 774–791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.11.078
• Ökten, M. (2023). Isı ve elektrik enerjisi üretimi için doğal gaza yeşil bir çözüm: Güneş enerjisi uygulamalarıyla bir örnek olay incelemesi. Gumushane Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(3), 702–717. doi: 10.17714/gumusfenbil.1232214
• Patel, S., & Student, M. E. (2007). The Single Diode Model of I-V and P-V Characteristics using the Lambert W Function. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (An ISO, 3297(5), 7034–7039. https://doi.org/10.15680/IJIRSET.2016.0505058
• Ramadhas, A. S., Jayaraj, S., Muraleedharan, C., & Padmakumari, K. (2006). Artificial neural networks used for the prediction of the cetane number of biodiesel. Renewable Energy, 31(15), 2524–2533.
• Rawa, M., Abusorrah, A., Al-Turki, Y., Calasan, M., Micev, M., Ali, Z. M., Mekhilef, S., Bassi, H., Sindi, H., & Abdel Aleem, S. H. E. (2022). Estimation of Parameters of Different Equivalent Circuit Models of Solar Cells and Various Photovoltaic Modules Using Hybrid Variants of Honey Badger Algorithm and Artificial Gorilla Troops Optimizer. Mathematics, 10(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/math10071057
• Reis, L. R. D., Camacho, J. R., & Novacki, D. F. (2017). The newton raphson method in the extraction of parameters of PV modules. Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal, 1(15), 634–639. https://doi.org/10.24084/repqj15.416
• Sandrolini, L., Artioli, M., & Reggiani, U. (2010). Numerical method for the extraction of photovoltaic module double-diode model parameters through cluster analysis. Applied Energy, 87(2), 442–451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.07.022
• Saravanan, C., & A. Panneerselvam, M. (2013). A Comprehensive Analysis for Extracting Single Diode PV Model Parameters by Hybrid GA-PSO Algorithm. International Journal of Computer Applications, 78(8), 16–19. https://doi.org/10.5120/13509-1265
• Temurtaş, H., Yavuz, G., Özyön, S., & Ünlü, A. (2024). Estimating equivalent circuit parameters in various photovoltaic models and modules using the dingo optimization algorithm. In Journal of Computational Electronics (Vol. 23, Issue 5). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10825-024-02205-1
• Yahfdhou, A., Menou, M. M., Yahya, A. M., Eida, N. D., Mahmoud, A. K., & Youm, I. (2016). Valuation and Determination of Seven and Five Parameters of Photovoltaic Generator by Iterative Method. Smart Grid and Renewable Energy, 07(09), 247–260. https://doi.org/10.4236/sgre.2016.79019
• Zagrouba, M., Sellami, A., Bouaïcha, M., & Ksouri, M. (2010). Identification of PV solar cells and modules parameters using the genetic algorithms: Application to maximum power extraction. Solar Energy, 84(5), 860–866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2010.02.012