Elazığ İlinde Yetişen Morus nigra L.’nin Antioksidan ve Antimikrobiyal Aktivitelerinin ve Antibiyotiklerle Sinerjistik Etkisinin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2020, , 983 - 995, 15.10.2020

Osman Akmeşe Tuba Acet , Kadriye Özcan

https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.727307

Cited By: 3

Öz

Antimikrobiyal ajan olarak kullanılan ilaçların olası yan etkileri ve mikroorganizmaların bu ilaçlara karşı direnç kazanması, insan sağlığı için büyük tehlike oluşturmaktadır. Bu durum bilim çevrelerini yeni arayışlara itmiştir. Gıda olarak tüketilen pek çok bitkisel ürünün aynı zamanda hastalıklardan korunma amacıyla da halk tarafından kullanıldığı bilinmektedir. Ancak, bunlardan pek çoğu halen bilimsel verilerle doğrulanmamıştır. Bu bakımdan, mevcut çalışmada Elazığ ilinden toplanan ve yöre halkı tarafından geleneksel olarak pek çok rahatsızlığın hafifletilmesinde kullanılan Morus nigra L. (karadut) taze meyve ekstraktlarının (etanol, metanol ve etil asetat) pomolojik özellikleri, toplam fenolik ve toplam flavonoid içerik değerleri ile toplam antioksidan kapasiteleri belirlendi. Bununla birlikte, etanol ekstraktının fitokimyasal içeriği RP-HPLC ile değerlendirildi. Ayrıca bunların, antimikrobiyal özellikleri ve antibiyotiklerle (kloramfenikol, novobiosin ve nalidiksik asit) olan sinerjileri test edildi. Etanol ekstraktının toplam fenolik içerik değeri ve antioksidan özellikleri diğerlerine göre anlamlı derecede yüksek bulundu. Bu ekstraktın major bileşeni ise klorojenik asit olarak tespit edildi. Ekstraktların test mikroorganizmalarına karşı düşük etkinlik gösterdiği, bununla beraber metanol ekstraktı/kloramfenikol kombinasiyonu haricinde tüm ekstrakt antibiyotik karışımlarının ciddi bir patojen olan P. aeroginosa üzerine tam sinerjik etki gösterdiği tespit edildi. Tam sinerji olması ise, antibiyotiğin daha düşük dozda daha etkili olmasını sağlaması açısından oldukça önemlidir. Sonuç olarak, M. nigra meyve ekstraktlarının sahip olduğu biyolojik aktiviteleri nedeniyle, gıda ve ilaç endüstrilerinde doğal ve alternatif bir kaynak olarak kullanılma potansiyeline sahip olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antimikrobiyal, Antioksidan, HPLC, Morus nigra L., Sinerjik Etki

Kaynakça

• Acet, T., 2020. Determining the Phenolic Components by Using HPLC and Biological Activity of Centaurea triumfetti. Plant Biosystems-An International Journal Dealing with All Aspects of Plant Biology, Doi: 10.1080/11263504.2020.1722275.
• Alhaithloul, H.A., Soliman, M.H., Ameta, K.L., El-Esawi, M.A. ve Elkelish, A., 2020. Changes in Ecophysiology, Osmolytes, and Secondary Metabolites of the Medicinal Plants of Mentha piperita and Catharanthus roseus Subjected to Drought and Heat Stress. Biomolecules, 10, 43.
• Beara, I.N., Lesjak, M.M., Cetojevic-Simin, D.D., Marjanovic, Z.S., Ristic, J.D., Mrkonjic, Z.O. ve Mimica-Dukic, N.M., 2014. Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant, Anti-İnflammatory and Cytotoxic Activities of Black (Tuber Aestivum Vittad.) and White (Tuber Magnatum Pico) Truffles. Food Chemistry, 165, 460–466.
• Budiman, A., Sofian, F.F., Santi, N.M. ve Aulifa, D.L. 2020. The Formulation of Lozenge Using Black Mulberries (Morus Nigra L.) Leaf Extract as An Α-Glucosidase Inhibitor. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 12, 171-176.
• CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards), 2007, Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, 17th Informational Supplement, M100-S17, 27, 1.
• Diab, K.A., Fahmy, M.A., Hassan, E.M., Hassan, Z.M., Omara, E.A. ve Abdel-Samie, N.S., 2020. Inhibitory Activity Of Black Mulberry (Morus Nigra) Extract Against Testicular, Liver and Kidney Toxicity Induced by Paracetamol in Mice. Molecular Biology Reports, 47, 1733-1749. doi.org/10.1007/s11033-020-05265-1.
• Dimitrova, M.P., Mihaylova, D.S., Popova, A.T., Sapundzhieva, T.N., Alexieva, I.N. ve Fidan, H.N., 2014. Phenolic Content, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Mulberry Fruit. Food, Agricultural Academy, Food Research and Development Institue, International Scientific-Practical Conference Food Technologies and Health, 2014, s. 23-27.
• Dhiman, S., Kumar, V., Mehta, C.M., Gat, Y. ve Kaur, S., 2020. Bioactive Compounds, Health Benefits and Utilisation of Morus Spp.–A Comprehensive Review. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 95(1), 8-18, doi: 10.1080/14620316.2019.1644969.
• Ercisli, S. ve Orhan, E., 2007. Chemical Composition of White (Morus alba), Red (Morus rubra) and Black (Morus nigra) Mulberry fruits. Food Chemistry, 103, 1380-1384.
• Ercisli, S., Tosun, M., Duralija, B., Voca, S., Sengul, M. ve Turan, M., 2010. Phytochemical Content of Some Black (Morus nigra L.) and Purple (Morus rubra L.) Mulberry Genotypes. Food Technology and Biotechnology, 48(1), 102-106.
• Fadli, M., Chevalier, J., Saad, A., Mezrioui, N.E., Hassani, L. ve Pages, J.M., 2012. Antibacterial Activity of Thymus maroccanus and Thymus broussonetii Essential Oils Against Nosocomial Infection-Bacteria and Their Synergistic Potential with Antibiotics. Phytomedicine, 19, 464-471.
• Gundogdu, M., Muradoglu, F., Gazioglu Sensoy, R.I. ve Yilmaz, H., 2011. Determination of Fruit Chemical Properties of Morus nigra L., Morus alba L. and Morus rubra L. by HPLC. Scientia Horticulturae, 132, 37-41.
• Gunes, M. ve Cekic, C., 2004. Some Chemical and Physical Properties of Fruits of Different Mulberry Species Commonly Grown in Anatolia, Turkey. Asian Journal of Chemisrty, 16, 1849-1855.
• Hojjatpanah, G., Fazaeli, M. ve Emam-Djomeh, Z., 2011. Effects of Heating Method and Conditions on the Quality Attributes of Black Mulberry (Morus nigra) Juice Concentrate. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 46(5), 956-962.
• Jelled, A., Ben Hassine, R., Thouri, A., Flamini, G., Chahdoura, H., El Arem, A., Ben Lamine, J., Kacem, A., Haouas, Z., Ben Cheikh, H. ve Achour, L., 2017. Immature Mulberry Fruits Richness of Promising Constituents in Contrast with Mature Ones: A Comparative Study Among Three Tunisian Species. Industrial Crops and Products, 95, 434-443.
• Jiang, H., Xu, L., Liu, J.C. ve Huang X.Z., 2011. Research Progress on Active Ingredients and Pharmacological Functions of Black Mulberry (Morus nigra L.). Science of Sericulture, 1, 20.
• Kafkas, S., Özgen, M., Doğan, Y., Özcan, B., Ercişli, S. ve Serçe, S., 2008. Molecular Characterization of Mulberry Accessions in Turkey by AFLP Markers. Journal of American Society for Horticultural Science, 133593-597.
• Kostic, DA., Dimitrijevic, DS., Mitic, SS., Mitic, MN., Stojanovic, GS. ve Zivanovic, A.V., 2013. A Survey on Macro- and Micro-Elements, Phenolic Compounds, Biological Activity and Use of Morus Spp. (Moraceae). Fruits, 68(4), 333-47.
• Kuok, C.F., Hoi, S.O., Hoi, C.F., Chan, C.H., Fong, I.H., Ngok, C.K. ve Fong, P., 2017. Synergistic Antibacterial Effects of Herbal Extracts and Antibiotics on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A Computational and Experimental Study. Experimental Biology and Medicine, 242(7), 731-743.
• Li, Y., Bao, T. ve Chen, W., 2018. Comparison of the Protective Effect of Black and White Mulberry Against Ethyl Carbamate-induced Cytotoxicity and Oxidative Damage. Food Chemistry, 243, 65-73.
• Mahmoud, H.I., El Rab, S.M.G., Khalil, A.F. ve Ismael, S.M., 2014. Hypoglycemic Effect of White (Morus alba L.) and Black (Morus nigra L.) Mulberry Fruits in Diabetic Rat. European Journal of Chemistry, 5(1), 65-72.
• Özcan, K., Acet, T. ve Çorbacı, C., 2019. Centaurea hypoleuca DC: Phenolic Content, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities. South African Journal of Botany, 127, 313-318.
• Özcan, K. ve Acet, T., 2018. Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Screening, Synergy Studies of Helichrysum chionophilum Extracts Against to Resistant Microbial Strains. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 27, 5045-5052.
• Özden, M. ve Özden, A.N., 2014. Farklı Renkteki Meyvelerin Toplam Antosiyanin, Toplam Fenolik Kapsamlarıyla Toplam Antioksidan Kapasitelerinin Karşılaştırılması, Gıda Teknolojileri Elektronik Dergisi, 9(2), 1-12.
• Pehluvan, M., Kaya, T., Doğru, B., Lara, İ., 2015. The Effect of Frozen Storage on the Phenolic Compounds of Morus nigra L. (Mlack Mulberry) and Morus alba L. (White Mulberry) Fruit. Fruits, 70(2), 117-122.doi: doi.org/10.1051/fruits/2015004.
• Rehman, K., Kamran, S.H. ve Akash, M.S.H., 2020. Chapter 16 - Toxicity of Antibiotics, In Advances in Environmental Pollution Research Series, Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in the Environment, Elsevier, ISBN 9780128188828, 1, 234-252p. doi: doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818882-8.00016-4.
• Sánchez-Salcedo, E.M., Mena, P., García-Viguera, C., Hernández, F. ve Martínez J.J. 2015. (Poly)phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of White (Morus alba) and Black (Morus nigra) Mulberry Leaves: Their Potential for New Products Rich in Phytochemicals. Journal of Functional Foods, 18, 1039-1047.
• Silva, E.M., Souza, J.N.S., Rogez, H., Reesb, J.F. ve Larondellea, Y., 2007. Antioxidant Activities and Polyphenolic Contents of Fifteen Selected Plant Species from the Amazonian Region. Food Chemistry, 101(3), 1012-1018.
• Soler-Rivas, C., Espín, J.C. ve Wichers, H.J., 2000. An Easy and Fast Test to Compare Total Free Radical Scavenger Capacity of Foodstuffs. Phytochemical Analysis, 11, 330-338.
• Thakur, N., Bashir, S. F. Ve Kumar, G., 2020. Assessment of Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Methanolic Extracts of Morus nigra and Artocarpus heterophyllus Leaves. Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, 21(3-4), 83-91.
• Turan, İ., Demir, S., Kilinc, K., Arslan Burnaz, N., Ozer Yaman, S., Akbulut, A., Mentese, A., Aliyazicioglu, Y. ve Deger, O., 2017. Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Effect of Morus nigra Extract on Human Prostate Cancer Cells. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 25 (2), 241-248.
• Vambe, M., Aremu, A.O., Chukwujekwu, J.C., Finnie, J.F. ve Staden, J.V., 2018. Antibacterial Screening, Synergy Studies and Phenolic Content of Seven South African Medicinal Plants Against Drug-sensitive and -resistant Microbial Strains. South Africican Journal of Botany, 114, 250-259.
• Vijayan, K., Tikader, A., Weiguo, Z., Nair, C.V., Ercisli, S. ve Tsou, C.H., 2011. Morus. In: Kole C (ed) Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources: Tropical and Subtropical Fruits. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 75–95p.
• Wang, Y., Liang, Y. ve Cock, I.E., 2020. Rosa canina L. Fruit Extracts Inhibit the Growth of Bacterial Triggers of some Autoimmune Inflammatory Diseases and Potentiate the activity of Conventional Antibiotics. Pharmacognosy Communications, 10(1), 7-17.
• Yan, J., Ruan, J., Huang, P., Sun, F., Zheng, D., Zhang, Y. ve Wang, T., 2020. The Structure–Activity Relationship Review of the Main Bioactive Constituents of Morus Genus Plants. Journal of Natural Medicine, 74, 331-340. Doi: doi.org/10.1007/s11418-019-01383-8.
• Yiğit, D. ve Yiğit, N., 2008. Antibacterial Activty of Black Mulberry (Morus nigra) Fruits and Leaves. Erzincan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1(1), 39-47.
• Yilmaz, K.U., Zengin, Y., Ercisli, S., Demirtas, M.N., Kan, T. ve Nazli, A.R., 2012. Morphological Diversity on Fruit Characteristics Among Some Selected Mulberry Genotypes from Turkey. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 22(1), 211-214.
• Zengin, G., Sarikurkcu, C., Aktumsek, A. ve Ceylan, R., 2014. Sideritis galatica Bornm.: A Source of Multifunctional Agents for the Management of Oxidative Damage, Alzheimer’s’s and Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Functional Foods, 11, 538-547.